The Marriage Of Sir Gawaine Poem Rhyme Scheme and Analysis

Rhyme Scheme: A B C D E F DGCD CCHC GCF GCG HDCD DFFF FHH FDID EHEE HFIJ GHDH FIFI G IIEI CIFI KLIG ILGL CFFF IGIG LFI IEF CMF EIEM GEIE CGC CII CIFI DCD CCGC IFI I IIFI CIII IFIF GCG FIG FND IFI IGCF CII FII FIII III IFN FDI FIOI IIIP IDID I IP FNI IIII III FIF OCCC DFDF CIII IIII

The Text is from the early part of the Percy Folio and the ballad is therefore deficient Where gaps are marked in the text with a row of asterisks about nine stanzas are lost in each case half a page torn out by a seventeenth century maidservant to light a fire Luckily we can supply the story from other versionsA
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The Story also given in The Weddynge of Sr Gawen and Dame Ragnell in the Rawlinson MS c in the Bodleian Library runs as followsB
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Shortly after Christmas Arthur riding by Tarn Wadling still so called but now pasture land in the forest of Inglewood meets a bold baron who challenges him to fight unless he can win his ransom by returning on New Year's Day with an answer to the question What does a woman most desire Arthur relates the story to Gawaine asks him and others for an answer to the riddle and collects their suggestions in a book 'letters ' On his way to keep his tryst with the baron he meets an unspeakably ugly woman who offers her assistance if she will help him Arthur says she shall wed with Gawaine She gives him the true answer A woman will have her will Arthur meets the baron and after proffering the budget of answers confronts him with the true answer The baron exclaims against the ugly woman whom he asserts to be his sisterC
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Arthur returns to his court and tells his knights that a wife awaits one of them on the moor Sir Lancelot Sir Steven who is not mentioned elsewhere in Arthurian tales Sir Kay Sir Bauier probably Beduer or Bedivere Sir Bore Bors de Gauves Sir Garrett Gareth and Sir Tristram ride forth to find her At sight Sir Kay without overmuch chivalry expresses his disgust and the rest are unwilling to marry her The king explains that he has promised to give her to Sir Gawaine who it seems bows to Arthur's authority and weds her During the bridal night she becomes a beautiful young woman Further to test Gawaine she gives him his choice will he have her fair by day and foul by night or foul by day and fair by night Fair by night says Gawaine And foul to be seen of all by day she asks Have your way says Gawaine and breaks the last thread of the spell as she forthwith explains her step mother had bewitched both her to haunt the moor in ugly shape till some knight should grant her all her will and her brother to challenge all comers to fight him or answer the riddleD
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Similar tales but with the important variation undoubtedly indigenous in the story that the man who saves his life by answering the riddle has himself to wed the ugly woman are told by Gower Confessio Amantis Book I and Chaucer The Tale of the Wyf of Bathe The latter which is also Arthurian in its setting was made into a ballad in the Crown Garland of Golden Roses circ compiled by Richard Johnson A parallel is also to be found in an Icelandic sagaE
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THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAINEF
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Kinge Arthur liues in merry CarleileD
seemely is to seeG
there he hath with him Queene GeneverC
That bride soe bright of bleeD
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And there he hath with him Queene GeneverC
That bride soe bright in bowerC
all his barons about him stoodeH
That were both stiffe and stowreC
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The king kept a royall ChristmasseG
Of mirth and great honorC
And whenF
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'And bring me word what thing it isG
That a woman will most desireC
This shalbe thy ransome Arthur ' he sayesG
'For I'le haue noe other hier '-
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King Arthur then held vp his handH
According thene as was the lawD
He tooke his leaue of the baron thereC
homward can he drawD
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And when he came to merry CarlileD
To his chamber he is goneF
ther came to him his cozen Sir GawaineF
As he did make his moneF
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And there came to him his cozen Sir GawaineF
That was a curteous knightH
'Why sigh you soe sore vnckle Arthur ' he saidH
'Or who hath done thee vnright '-
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'O peace O peace thou gentle GawaineF
That faire may thee beffallD
For if thou knew my sighing soe deepeI
Thou wold not meruaile att allD
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'Ffor when I came to Tearne WadlingE
A bold barron there I fandH
With a great club vpon his backeE
Standing stiffe and strongE
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'And he asked me wether I wold fightH
Or from him I shold begoneF
Or else I must him a ransome payI
soe depart him fromJ
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'To fight with him I saw noe causeG
Methought it was not meetH
For he was stiffe strong with allD
His strokes were nothing sweeteH
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'Therefor this is my ransome GawaineF
I ought to him to payI
I must come againe as I am sworneF
Vpon the Newyeer's dayI
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'And I must bring him word what thing it isG
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Then King Arthur drest him for to rydeI
In one soe rich arrayI
Toward the fore said Tearne WadlingE
That he might keepe his dayI
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And as he rode over a moreC
Hee see a lady where shee sateI
Betwixt an oke a greene hollenF
She was cladd in red scarlettI
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Then there as shold haue stood her mouthK
Then there was sett her eyeL
The other was in her forhead fastI
The way that she might seeG
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Her nose was crooked turnd outwardI
Her mouth stood foule a wryL
A worse formed lady than shee wasG
Neuer man saw with his eyeL
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To halch vpon him King ArthurC
This lady was full faineF
But King Arthur had forgott his lessonF
What he shold say againeF
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'What knight art thou ' the lady saydI
'That will not speak to meG
Of me be thou nothing dismaydI
Tho' I be vgly to seeG
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'For I haue halched you curteouslyeL
you will not me againeF
Yett I may happen Sir Knight ' shee saidI
'To ease thee of thy paine '-
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'Giue thou ease me lady ' he saidI
'Or helpe me any thingE
Thou shalt have gentle Gawaine my cozenF
marry him with a ring '-
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'Why if I help thee not thou noble King ArthurC
Of thy owne heart's desiringeM
Of gentle GawaineF
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And when he came to the Tearne WadlingE
The baron there cold he findeI
With a great weapon on his backeE
Standing stiffe and strongeM
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And then he tooke King Arthur's letters in his handsG
away he cold them flingE
then he puld out a good browne swordI
cryd himselfe a kingE
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And he sayd 'I haue thee thy land ArthurC
To doe as it pleaseth meG
For this is not thy ransome sureC
Therfore yeeld thee to me '-
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And then bespoke him noble ArthurC
bad him hold his handI
' giue me leaue to speake my mindI
In defence of all my land '-
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He said 'As I came over a moreC
I see a lady where shee sateI
Betweene an oke a green hollenF
She was clad in red scarlettI
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'And she says a woman will haue her willD
this is all her cheef desireC
Doe me right as thou art a baron of sckillD
This is thy ransome all thy hyer '-
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He sayes 'An early vengeance light on herC
She walkes on yonder moreC
It was my sister that told thee thisG
she is a misshappen horeC
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'But heer He make mine avow to GodI
To doe her an euill turneF
For an euer I may thate fowle theefe getI
In a fyer I will her burne '-
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The nd PartI
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Sir Lancelott Sir Steven boldI
They rode with them that dayI
And the formost of the companyF
There rode the steward KayI
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Soe did Sir Bauier and Sir BoreC
Sir Garrett with them soe gayI
Soe did Sir Tristeram that gentle knightI
To the forrest fresh gayI
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And when he came to the greene fforrestI
Vnderneath a greene holly treeF
Their sate that lady in red scarletI
That vnseemly was to seeF
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Sir Kay beheld this ladys faceG
looked vppon her swireC
'Whosoeuer kisses this lady ' he sayesG
'Of his kisse he stands in feare '-
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Sir Kay beheld the lady againeF
looked vpon her snoutI
'Whosoeuer kisses this lady ' he saiesG
'Of his kisse he stands in doubt '-
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'Peace cozen Kay ' then said Sir GawaineF
'Amend thee of thy lifeN
For there is a knight amongst vs allD
That must marry her to his wife '-
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'What wedd her to wiffe ' then said Sir KayI
'In the diuells name anonF
Gett me a wiffe whereere I mayI
For I had rather be slaine '-
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Then some tooke vp their hawkes in hastI
some tooke vp their houndsG
some sware they wold not marry herC
For citty nor for towneF
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And then bespake him noble King ArthurC
sware there by this dayI
'For a litle foule sight mislikingI
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Then shee said 'Choose thee gentle GawaineF
Truth as I doe sayI
Wether thou wilt haue me in this liknesseI
In the night or else in the day '-
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And then bespake him gentle GawaineF
Was one soe mild of moodeI
Sayes 'Well I know what I wold sayI
God grant it may be goodI
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'To haue thee fowle in the nightI
When I with thee shold playI
Yet I had rather if I mightI
Haue thee fowle in the day '-
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'What when Lords goe with ther feires ' shee saidI
'Both to the ale wineF
Alas then I must hyde my selfeN
I must not goe withinne '-
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And then bespake him gentle GawaineF
Said 'Lady thats but skillD
And because thou art my owne ladyI
Thou shalt haue all thy will '-
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Then she said 'Blessed be thou gentle GawaineF
This day that I thee seeI
For as thou see st me att this timeO
From hencforth I wil beI
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'My father was an old knightI
yett it chanced soeI
That he marryed a younge ladyI
That brought me to this woeP
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'Shee witched me being a faire young ladyI
To the greene forrest to dwellD
there I must walke in womans liknessI
Most like a feend of hellD
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'She witched my brother to a carlish bI
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That looked soe foule that was wontI
On the wild more to goeP
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'Come kisse her brother Kay ' then said Sir GawaineF
' amend th of thy liffeN
I sweare this is the same ladyI
That I marryed to my wiffe '-
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Sir Kay kissed that lady brightI
Standing vpon his ffeeteI
He swore as he was trew knightI
The spice was neuer soe sweeteI
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'Well cozen Gawaine ' sayes Sir KayI
'Thy chance is fallen arrightI
For thou hast gotten one of the fairest maidsI
I euer saw with my sight '-
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'It is my fortune ' said Sir GawaineF
'For my Vnckle Arthur's sakeI
I am glad as grasse wold be of raineF
Great ioy that I may take '-
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Sir Gawaine tooke the lady by the one armeO
Sir Kay tooke her by the totherC
They led her straight to King ArthurC
As they were brother brotherC
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King Arthur welcomed them there allD
soe did lady Geneuer his queeneF
With all the knights of the round tableD
Most seemly to be seeneF
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King Arthur beheld that lady faireC
That was soe faire and brightI
He thanked Christ in TrinityI
For Sir Gawaine that gentle knightI
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Soe did the knights both more and lesseI
Reioyced all that dayI
For the good chance that hapened wasI
To Sir Gawaine his lady gayI

Frank Sidgwick



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