Empedocles On Etna - A Dramatic Poem Poem Rhyme Scheme and Analysis

Rhyme Scheme: AABC BB D E A F CGABBCBABABHAAAAIAJK ALMANOKAKB A BAPQARA A STUBVWAXYIZKBB A A2B2BADGN A C2AQNAD2E2QNF2G2BH2I 2D2AABANJ2D A CD2K2L2BBM2DN2O2BAAN AABAP2BBAQA A AAAKANQ2F2 A UR2US2CL2AAT2AAU2QV2 AW2N2UR2AX2NY2QZ2 A AZ2E2RBAA3NB3AC3AU2A NY2CNB3JNQ2D3AB3BBR A E3R2F3AUB2X2 D QF2 A A G3H3M2N2GI3AJ3 A C3Z2K3K2B A ABAAL3AAM3CQ A Y2 A N3AO3P3C A L3BQB3 A AQ3 UN3B A M3AR3 A JG3I2R2R2B2B2AG3AI2A AAAAS3AI2S3I2R2R2PR2 DM3DT3PAA2T3R2M3AAAU 3AA2AACK2BV3BV3W3AX3 AX3W3 B3Q3B3Q3O AB3AB3Y3 BZ3BA4M2 B3QB3QZ2 AR2AR2A I3B4I3B4A U3AS3AA B3S3B3S3A X2AX2AB C4YC4YB DD4DZ2B X2AX2AB B3AB3AS3 M2AM2AS3 BABAA S3S3S3S3A BABAA I3AI3AA AR2AR2S3 S3S3S3S3S3 AL3AL3L2 EKEQ3L2 BABAB AQ3AQ3B QS3QS3M3 S3S3S3S3M3 S3XS3XA AS3AS3A S3M2S3M2A ABABA S3S3S3S3A AOACA AR2AR2E4 S3N2S3N2E4 S3R2S3R2R3 AS3AS3R3 BB3BB3S3 AF4AF4S3 S3I2S3I2Q S3S3S3S3Q M2BM2BU QAQAU S3S3S3S3B3 AAAAB3 S3I2S3I2A ABABA DU2DU2A AAAAA AS3AS3S3 S3M3S3M3S3 AAAAU2 BBBB G4S3G4S3S3 S3S3S3S3S3 H4AH4AS3 Q3R2Q3R2S3 US3US3I2 S3AS3AI2 M2S3M2S3 KI2Q3I2C AC4UC4A S3M2S3M2A EBEBA AS3AS3A AS3AS3S3 B3AB3AS3 S3S3S3S3P2 M2I4M2I4I2 F2AA KR2I2I2AI2AAAF2M3AAA AM3 AAAS3J4XS3H3J4 AR2AH3I2I2XR2H3 A AG3 A S3 A E2AD4F2AT2S3 A A A R2S3F2L2Z2F2S3AF2 F2 AK4AAANAAE D F2 A F2S3UF2E2F2S3F2B3DF2 M2L4OM3 AAB3F2Z2UW3B3S3AAAAS 3AS3AAZ2F2XM4S3E I2F2F2I2 Z2F2F2A S3N4AI3S3N4I3M3AM3AA AI2F2O4I2O4F2Z2Z2Z2 S3AS3AS3AAP4AP4S3DS3 AZ2AAAZ2M3CM3 A UI2S3F2S3Z2 F2AUES3F2ES3UAS3AF4S 3AAAF2AAH3UCI2S3Q4 F2 S3Z2S3Z2 AT2AC S3S3I3I3S3S3C4F2AC4C B3AT2F2F2S3 CCF2B3I2EI2EF2S3F2S3 AS3AS3S3S3 S3S3S3S3EEF2AAAAAF2A AAAAAAAAAAF2F2 A I2UI2S3AI2U AS3S3ADAF2AQ3F2Q3ANS 3B3AS3Z2Q3Q3 S3F2 F2Q3S3B3Q3B3Z2F2NAQ3 AAQ3S3 Q3Q3Q3F2AS3Q3Q3W3F2S 3F2S3F2W3F2Z2Q3Q3S3F 2S3Z2 Q3Q3S3Q3S3F2S3S3R4S3 S3Q3NF2S3W3NQ3Q3Q3Q3 Q3Z2F2Q3Q3H3S3Q3Q3Q3 Q3F2Z2Q3Q3Q3S3Q3Q3Q3 S3S3XS3Q3 S3AB3S3S3S3S3S3LS3F2 Q3Q3Q3Q3Q3S3S3B3F2S3 Q3Q3 F2Q3Q3Q3 S3Q3S3S3Q3 H3F2AQ3Q3Q3S3S3 Q3N2Q3F2Q3Q3 S3Q3S3XQ3S3UQ3Z2Q3US 3B3S3S4AQ3AQ3F2Q3B3S 3F2S3S3Q3S3S3S3Q3Q3F 2S3Q3S3S3Z2Q3Q3K4Q3T 4Z2B3Q3Q3S3Q3Z2N2F2S 3Q3Q3Q3Q3AF2Q3 Q3Q3S3S3Q3 S3Q3Q3S3Q3N2F2Q3 Q3 Q3I3Q3I3 Q3Q3F2Q3 Q3Q3Q3Q3 U4Q3Q3Q3 Q3Q3Q3Q3 E EN2 Q3L2Q3L2 EF2S3F2 Q3F2F2F2 F2S3Q3S3 F2S3Q3S3 Q3F2Q3F2 Q3V4Q3V4

PERSONSA
EMPEDOCLESA
PAUSANIAS a PhysicianB
CALLICLES a young Harp playerC
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The Scene of the Poem is on Mount Etna at first in the forest regionB
afterwards on the summit of the mountainB
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ACT I SCENE ID
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A Pass in the forest region of Etna MorningE
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CALLICLESA
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Alone resting on a rock by the pathF
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THE MULES I think will not be here this hourC
They feel the cool wet turf under their feetG
By the stream side after the dusty lanesA
In which they have toil'd all night from CatanaB
And scarcely will they budge a yard O PanB
How gracious is the mountain at this hourC
A thousand times have I been here aloneB
Or with the revellers from the mountain townsA
But never on so fair a morn the sunB
Is shining on the brilliant mountain crestsA
And on the highest pines but further downB
Hero in the valley is in shade the swardH
Is dark and on the stream the mist still hangsA
One sees one's foot prints crush'd in the wet grassA
One's breath curls in the air and on these pinesA
That climb from the stream's edge the long grey tuftsA
Which the goats love are jewell'd thick with dewI
Here will I stay till the slow litter comesA
I have my harp too that is well ApolloJ
What mortal could be sick or sorry hereK
I know not in what mind EmpedoclesA
Whose mules I follow'd may be coming upL
But if as most men say he is half madM
With exile and with brooding on his wrongsA
Pausanias his sage friend who mounts with himN
Could scarce have lighted on a lovelier cureO
The mules must be below far down I hearK
Their tinkling bells mix'd with the song of birdsA
Rise faintly to me now it stops Who's hereK
Pausanias and on foot aloneB
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PAUSANIASA
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And thou thenB
I left thee supping with PeisianaxA
With thy head full of wine and thy hair crown'dP
Touching thy harp as the whim came on theeQ
And prais'd and spoil'd by master and by guestsA
Almost as much as the new dancing girlR
Why hast thou follow'd usA
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CALLICLESA
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The night was hotS
And the feast past its prime so we slipp'd outT
Some of us to the portico to breatheU
Peisianax thou know'st drinks late and thenB
As I was lifting my soil'd garland offV
I saw the mules and litter in the courtW
And in the litter sate EmpedoclesA
Thou too wert with him Straightway I sped homeX
I saddled my white mule and all night longY
Through the cool lovely country follow'd youI
Pass'd you a little since as morning dawn'dZ
And have this hour sate by the torrent hereK
Till the slow mules should climb in sight againB
And now'B
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PAUSANIASA
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And now back to the town with speedA2
Crouch in the wood first till the mules have pass'dB2
They do but halt they will be here anonB
Thou must be viewless to EmpedoclesA
Save mine he must not meet a human eyeD
One of his moods is on him that thou know'stG
I think thou would'st not vex himN
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CALLICLESA
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No and yetC2
I would fain stay and help thee tend him onceA
He knew me well and would oft notice meQ
And still I know not how he draws me to himN
And I could watch him with his proud sad faceA
His flowing locks and gold encircled browD2
And kingly gait for ever such a spellE2
In his severe looks such a majestyQ
As drew of old the people after himN
In Agrigentum and OlympiaF2
When his star reign'd before his banishmentG2
Is potent still on me in his declineB
But oh Pausanias he is changed of lateH2
There is a settled trouble in his airI2
Admits no momentary brightening nowD2
And when he comes among his friends at feastsA
'Tis as an orphan among prosperous boysA
Thou know'st of old he loved this harp of mineB
When first he sojourn'd with PeisianaxA
He is now always moody and I fear himN
But I would serve him soothe him if I couldJ2
Dared one but tryD
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PAUSANIASA
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Thou wert a kind child everC
He loves thee but he must not see thee nowD2
Thou hast indeed a rare touch on thy harpK2
He loves that in thee too there was a timeL2
But that is pass'd he would have paid thy strainB
With music to have drawn the stars from heavenB
He has his harp and laurel with him stillM2
But he has laid the use of music byD
And all which might relax his settled gloomN2
Yet thou may'st try thy playing if thou wiltO2
But thou must keep unseen follow us onB
But at a distance in these solitudesA
In this clear mountain air a voice will riseA
Though from afar distinctly it may soothe himN
Play when we halt and when the evening comesA
And I must leave him for his pleasure isA
To be left musing these soft nights aloneB
In the high unfrequented mountain spotsA
Then watch him for he ranges swift and farP2
Sometimes to Etna's top and to the coneB
But hide thee in the rocks a great way downB
And try thy noblest strains my CalliclesA
With the sweet night to help thy harmonyQ
Thou wilt earn my thanks sure and perhaps hisA
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CALLICLESA
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More than a day and night PausaniasA
Of this fair summer weather on these hillsA
Would I bestow to help EmpedoclesA
That needs no thanks one is far better hereK
Than in the broiling city in these heatsA
But tell me how hast thou persuaded himN
In this his present fierce man hating moodQ2
To bring thee out with him alone on EtnaF2
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PAUSANIASA
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Thou hast heard all men speaking of PantheiaU
The woman who at Agrigentum layR2
Thirty long days in a cold trance of deathU
And whom Empedocles call'd back to lifeS2
Thou art too young to note it but his powerC
Swells with the swelling evil of this timeL2
And holds men mute to see where it will riseA
He could stay swift diseases in old daysA
Chain madmen by the music of his lyreT2
Cleanse to sweet airs the breath of poisonous streamsA
And in the mountain chinks inter the windsA
This he could do of old but now since allU2
Clouds and grows daily worse in SicilyQ
Since broils tear us in twain since this new swarmV2
Of sophists has got empire in our schoolsA
Where he was paramount since he is banish'dW2
And lives a lonely man in triple gloomN2
He grasps the very reins of life and deathU
I ask'd him of Pantheia yesterdayR2
When we were gather'd with PeisianaxA
And he made answer I should come at nightX2
On Etna here and be alone with himN
And he would tell me as his old tried friendY2
Who still was faithful what might profit meQ
That is the secret of this miracleZ2
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CALLICLESA
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Bah Thou a doctor Thou art superstitiousA
Simple Pausanias 'twas no miracleZ2
Pantheia for I know her kinsmen wellE2
Was subject to these trances from a girlR
Empedocles would say so did he deignB
But he still lets the people whom he scornsA
Gape and cry wizard at him if they listA3
But thou thou art no company for himN
Thou art as cross as soured as himselfB3
Thou hast some wrong from thine own citizensA
And then thy friend is banish'd and on thatC3
Straightway thou fallest to arraign the timesA
As if the sky was impious not to fallU2
The sophists are no enemies of hisA
I hear Gorgias their chief speaks nobly of himN
As of his gifted master and once friendY2
He is too scornful too high wrought too bitterC
'Tis not the times 'tis not the sophists vex himN
There is some root of suffering in himselfB3
Some secret and unfollow'd vein of woeJ
Which makes the time look black and sad to himN
Pester him not in this his sombre moodQ2
With questionings about an idle taleD3
But lead him through the lovely mountain pathsA
And keep his mind from preying on itselfB3
And talk to him of things at hand and commonB
Not miracles thou art a learned manB
But credulous of fables as a girlR
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PAUSANIASA
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And thou a boy whose tongue outruns his knowledgeE3
And on whose lightness blame is thrown awayR2
Enough of this I see the litter windF3
Up by the torrent side under the pinesA
I must rejoin Empedocles Do thouU
Crouch in the brush wood till the mules have pass'dB2
Then play thy kind part well Farewell till nightX2
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SCENE IID
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Noon A Glen on the highest skirts of the woodyQ
region of EtnaF2
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EMPEDOCLES PAUSANIASA
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PAUSANIASA
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The noon is hot when we have cross'd the streamG3
We shall have left the woody tract and comeH3
Upon the open shoulder of the hillM2
See how the giant spires of yellow bloomN2
Of the sun loving gentian in the heatG
Are shining on those naked slopes like flameI3
Let us rest here and now EmpedoclesA
Pantheia's history A harp note below is heardJ3
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EMPEDOCLESA
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Hark what sound was thatC3
Rose from below If it were possibleZ2
And we were not so far from human hauntK3
I should have said that some one touch'd a harpK2
Hark there againB
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PAUSANIASA
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'Tis the boy CalliclesA
The sweetest harp player in CatanaB
He is for ever coming on these hillsA
In summer to all country festivalsA
With a gay revelling band he breaks from themL3
Sometimes and wanders far among the glensA
But heed him not he will not mount to usA
I spoke with him this morning Once more thereforeM3
Instruct me of Pantheia's story MasterC
As I have pray'd theeQ
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EMPEDOCLESA
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That and to what endY2
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PAUSANIASA
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It is enough that all men speak of itN3
But I will also say that when the GodsA
Visit us as they do with sign and plagueO3
To know those spells of time that stay their handP3
Were to live free from terrorC
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EMPEDOCLESA
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Spells Mistrust themL3
Mind is the spell which governs earth and heavenB
Man has a mind with which to plan his safetyQ
Know that and help thyselfB3
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PAUSANIASA
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But thy own wordsA
'The wit and counsel of man was never clearQ3
Troubles confuse the little wit he has '-
Mind is a light which the Gods mock us withU
To lead those false who trust itN3
The harp sounds againB
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EMPEDOCLESA
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Hist once moreM3
Listen Pausanias Aye 'tis CalliclesA
I know those notes among a thousand HarkR3
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CALLICLESA
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Sings unseen from belowJ
The track winds down to the clear streamG3
To cross the sparkling shallows thereI2
The cattle love to gather on their wayR2
To the high mountain pastures and to stayR2
Till the rough cow herds drive them pastB2
Knee deep in the cool ford for 'tis the lastB2
Of all the woody high well water'd dellsA
On Etna and the beamG3
Of noon is broken there by chestnut boughsA
Down its steep verdant sides the airI2
Is freshen'd by the leaping stream which throwsA
Eternal showers of spray on the moss'd rootsA
Of trees and veins of turf and long dark shootsA
Of ivy plants and fragrant hanging bellsA
Of hyacinths and on late anemoniesA
That muffle its wet banks but gladeS3
And stream and sward and chestnut treesA
End here Etna beyond in the broad glareI2
Of the hot noon without a shadeS3
Slope behind slope up to the peak lies bareI2
The peak round which the white clouds playR2
In such a glen on such a dayR2
On Pelion on the grassy groundP
Chiron the aged Centaur layR2
The young Achilles standing byD
The Centaur taught him to exploreM3
The mountains where the glens are dryD
And the tired Centaurs come to restT3
And where the soaking springs aboundP
And the straight ashes grow for spearsA
And where the hill goats come to feedA2
And the sea eagles build their nestT3
He show'd him Phthia far awayR2
And said O boy I taught this loreM3
To Peleus in long distant yearsA
He told him of the Gods the starsA
The tides and then of mortal warsA
And of the life which heroes leadU3
Before they reach the Elysian placeA
And rest in the immortal meadA2
And all the wisdom of his raceA
The music below ceases and EMPEDOCLES speaksA
accompanying himself in a solemn mannerC
on his harpK2
The out spread world to spanB
A cord the Gods first slungV3
And then the soul of manB
There like a mirror hungV3
And bade the winds through space impel the gusty toyW3
Hither and thither spinsA
The wind borne mirroring soulX3
A thousand glimpses winsA
And never sees a wholeX3
Looks once and drives elsewhere and leaves its last employW3
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The Gods laugh in their sleeveB3
To watch man doubt and fearQ3
Who knows not what to believeB3
Since he sees nothing clearQ3
And dares stamp nothing false where he finds nothing sureO
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Is this Pausanias soA
And can our souls not striveB3
But with the winds must goA
And hurry where they driveB3
Is Fate indeed so strong man's strength indeed so poorY3
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I will not judge that manB
Howbeit I judge as lostZ3
Whose mind allows a planB
Which would degrade it mostA4
And he treats doubt the best who tries to see least illM2
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Be not then fear's blind slaveB3
Thou art my friend to theeQ
All knowledge that I haveB3
All skill I wield are freeQ
Ask not the latest news of the last miracleZ2
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Ask not what days and nightsA
In trance Pantheia layR2
But ask how thou such sightsA
May'st see without dismayR2
Ask what most helps when known thou son of AnchitusA
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What hate and awe and shameI3
Fill thee to see our worldB4
Thou feelest thy soul's frameI3
Shaken and rudely hurl'dB4
What life and time go hard with thee too as with usA
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Thy citizens 'tis saidU3
Envy thee and oppressA
Thy goodness no men aidS3
All strive to make it lessA
Tyranny pride and lust fill Sicily's abodesA
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Heaven is with earth at strifeB3
Signs make thy soul afraidS3
The dead return to lifeB3
Rivers are dried winds stay'dS3
Scarce can one think in calm so threatening are the GodsA
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And we feel day and nightX2
The burden of ourselvesA
Well then the wiser wightX2
In his own bosom delvesA
And asks what ails him so and gets what cure he canB
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The sophist sneers Fool takeC4
Thy pleasure right or wrongY
The pious wail ForsakeC4
A world these sophists throngY
Be neither saint nor sophist led but be a manB
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These hundred doctors tryD
To preach thee to their schoolD4
We have the truth they cryD
And yet their oracleZ2
Trumpet it as they will is but the same as thineB
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Once read thy own breast rightX2
And thou hast done with fearsA
Man gets no other lightX2
Search he a thousand yearsA
Sink in thyself there ask what ails thee at that shrineB
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What makes thee struggle and raveB3
Why are men ill at easeA
'Tis that the lot they haveB3
Fails their own will to pleaseA
For man would make no murmuring were his will obey'dS3
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And why is it that stillM2
Man with his lot thus fightsA
'Tis that he makes this willM2
The measure of his rightsA
And believes Nature outraged if his will's gainsaidS3
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Couldst thou Pausanias learnB
How deep a fault is thisA
Couldst thou but once discernB
Thou hast no right to blissA
No title from the Gods to welfare and reposeA
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Then thou wouldst look less mazedS3
Whene'er from bliss debarr'dS3
Nor think the Gods were crazedS3
When thy own lot went hardS3
But we are all the same the fools of our own woesA
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For from the first faint mornB
Of life the thirst for blissA
Deep in man's heart is bornB
And sceptic as he isA
He fails not to judge clear if this be quench'd or noA
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Nor is that thirst to blameI3
Man errs not that he deemsA
His welfare his true aimI3
He errs because he dreamsA
The world does but exist that welfare to bestowA
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We mortals are no kingsA
For each of whom to swayR2
A new made world up springsA
Meant merely for his playR2
No we are strangers here the world is from of oldS3
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In vain our pent wills fretS3
And would the world subdueS3
Limits we did not setS3
Condition all we doS3
Born into life we are and life must be our mouldS3
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Born into life man growsA
Forth from his parents' stemL3
And blends their bloods as thoseA
Of theirs are blent in themL3
So each new man strikes root into a far fore timeL2
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Born into life we bringE
A bias with us hereK
And when here each new thingE
Affects us we come nearQ3
To tunes we did not call our being must keep chimeL2
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Born into life in vainB
Opinions those or theseA
Unalter'd to retainB
The obstinate mind decreesA
Experience like a sea soaks all effacing inB
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Born into life who listsA
May what is false hold dearQ3
And for himself make mistsA
Through which to see less clearQ3
The world is what it is for all our dust and dinB
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Born into life 'tis weQ
And not the world are newS3
Our cry for bliss our pleaQ
Others have urged it tooS3
Our wants have all been felt our errors made beforeM3
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No eye could be too soundS3
To observe a world so vastS3
No patience too profoundS3
To sort what's here amass'dS3
How man may here best live no care too great to exploreM3
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But we as some rude guestS3
Would change where'er he roamX
The manners there profess'dS3
To those he brings from homeX
We mark not the world's course but would have it take oursA
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The world's course proves the termsA
On which man wins contentS3
Reason the proof confirmsA
We spurn it and inventS3
A false course for the world and for ourselves false powersA
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Riches we wish to getS3
Yet remain spendthrifts stillM2
We would have health and yetS3
Still use our bodies illM2
Bafflers of our own prayers from youth to life's last scenesA
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We would have inward peaceA
Yet will not look withinB
We would have misery ceaseA
Yet will not cease from sinB
We want all pleasant ends but will use no harsh meansA
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We do not what we oughtS3
What we ought not we doS3
And loan upon the thoughtS3
That chance will bring us throughS3
But our own acts for good or ill are mightier powersA
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Yet even when man forsakesA
All sin is just is pureO
Abandons all which makesA
His welfare insecureC
Other existences there are that clash with oursA
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Like us the lightning firesA
Love to have scope and playR2
The stream like us desiresA
An unimpeded wayR2
Like us the Libyan wind delights to roam at largeE4
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Streams will not curb their prideS3
The just man not to entombN2
Nor lightnings go asideS3
To leave his virtues roomN2
Nor is that wind less rough which blows a good man's bargeE4
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Nature with equal mindS3
Sees all her sons at playR2
Sees man control the windS3
The wind sweep man awayR2
Allows the proudly riding and the founder'd barkR3
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And lastly though of oursA
No weakness spoil our lotS3
Though the non human powersA
Of Nature harm us notS3
The ill deeds of other men make often our life darkR3
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What were the wise man's planB
Through this sharp toil set lifeB3
To fight as best he canB
And win what's won by strifeB3
But we an easier way to cheat our pains have foundS3
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Scratch'd by a fall with moansA
As children of weak ageF4
Lend life to the dumb stonesA
Whereon to vent their rageF4
And bend their little fists and rate the senseless groundS3
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So loath to suffer muteS3
We peopling the void airI2
Make Gods to whom to imputeS3
The ills we ought to bearI2
With God and Fate to rail at suffering easilyQ
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Yet grant as sense long miss'dS3
Things that are now perceiv'dS3
And much may still existS3
Which is not yet believ'dS3
Grant that the world were full of Gods we cannot seeQ
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All things the world which fillM2
Of but one stuff are spunB
That we who rail are stillM2
With what we rail at oneB
One with the o'er labour'd Power that through the breadth and lengthU
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Of earth and air and seaQ
In men and plants and stonesA
Hath toil perpetuallyQ
And struggles pants and moansA
Fain would do all things well but sometimes fails in strengthU
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And patiently exactS3
This universal GodS3
Alike to any actS3
Proceeds at any nodS3
And quietly declaims the cursings of himselfB3
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This is not what man hatesA
Yet he can curse but thisA
Harsh Gods and hostile FatesA
Are dreams this only isA
Is everywhere sustains the wise the foolish elfB3
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Nor only in the intentS3
To attach blame elsewhereI2
Do we at will inventS3
Stern Powers who make their careI2
To embitter human life malignant DeitiesA
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But next we would reverseA
The scheme ourselves have spunB
And what we made to curseA
We now would lean uponB
And feign kind Gods who perfect what man vainly triesA
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Look the world tempts our eyeD
And we would know it allU2
We map the starry skyD
We mine this earthen ballU2
We measure the sea tides we number the sea sandsA
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We scrutinize the datesA
Of long past human thingsA
The bounds of effac'd statesA
The lines of deceas'd kingsA
We search out dead men's words and works of dead men's handsA
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We shut our eyes and amuseA
How our own minds are madeS3
What springs of thought they useA
How righten'd how betray'dS3
And spend our wit to name what most employ unnam'dS3
-
But still as we proceedS3
The mass swells more and moreM3
Of volumes yet to readS3
Of secrets yet to exploreM3
Our hair grows grey our eyes are dimm'd our heat is tamedS3
-
We rest our facultiesA
And thus address the GodsA
'True science if there isA
It stays in your abodesA
Man's measures cannot mete the immeasurable AllU2
-
'You only can take inB
The world's immense designB
Our desperate search was sinB
Which henceforth we resignB
Sure only that your mind sees all things which befall '-
-
Fools that in man's brief termG4
He cannot all things viewS3
Affords no ground to affirmG4
That there are Gods who doS3
Nor does being weary prove that he has where to restS3
-
Again our youthful bloodS3
Claims rapture as its rightS3
The world a rolling floodS3
Of newness and delightS3
Draws in the enamour'd gazer to its shining breastS3
-
Pleasure to our hot graspH4
Gives flowers after flowersA
With passionate warmth we claspH4
Hand after hand in oursA
Nor do we soon perceive how fast our youth is spentS3
-
At once our eyes grow clearQ3
We see in blank dismayR2
Year posting after yearQ3
Sense after sense decayR2
Our shivering heart is mined by secret discontentS3
-
Yet still in spite of truthU
In spite of hopes entomb'dS3
That longing of our youthU
Burns ever unconsum'dS3
Still hungrier for delight as delights grow more rareI2
-
We pause we hush our heartS3
And then address the GodsA
'The world hath fail'd to impartS3
The joy our youth forbodesA
Fail'd to fill up the void which in our breasts we bearI2
-
'Changeful till now we stillM2
Look'd on to something newS3
Let us with changeless willM2
Henceforth look on to youS3
To find with you the joy we in vain here require '-
-
Fools that so often hereK
Happiness mock'd our prayerI2
I think might make us fearQ3
A like event elsewhereI2
Make us not fly to dreams but moderate desireC
-
And yet for those who knowA
Themselves who wisely takeC4
Their way through life and bowU
To what they cannot breakC4
Why should I say that life need yield but moderate blissA
-
Shall we with temper spoil'dS3
Health sapp'd by living illM2
And judgement all embroil'dS3
By sadness and self willM2
Shall we judge what for man is not true bliss or isA
-
Is it so small a thingE
To have enjoy'd the sunB
To have lived light in the springE
To have loved to have thought to have doneB
To have advanc'd true friends and beat down baffling foesA
-
That we must feign a blissA
Of doubtful future dateS3
And while we dream on thisA
Lose all our present stateS3
And relegate to worlds yet distant our reposeA
-
Not much I know you prizeA
What pleasures may be hadS3
Who look on life with eyesA
Estrang'd like mine and sadS3
And yet the village churl feels the truth more than youS3
-
Who's loath to leave this lifeB3
Which to him little yieldsA
His hard task'd sunburnt wifeB3
His often labour'd fieldsA
The boors with whom he talk'd the country spots he knewS3
-
But thou because thou hear'stS3
Men scoff at Heaven and FateS3
Because the Gods thou fear'stS3
Fail to make blest thy stateS3
Tremblest and wilt not dare to trust the joys there areP2
-
I say Fear not Life stillM2
Leaves human effort scopeI4
But since life teems with illM2
Nurse no extravagant hopeI4
Because thou must not dream thou need'st not then despairI2
-
A long pause At the end of it the notes of aF2
harp below are again heard and CALLICLESA
singsA
-
Far far from hereK
The Adriatic breaks in a warm bayR2
Among the green Illyrian hills and thereI2
The sunshine in the happy glens is fairI2
And by the sea and in the brakesA
The grass is cool the sea side airI2
Buoyant and fresh the mountain flowersA
As virginal and sweet as oursA
And there they say two bright and aged snakesA
Who once were Cadmus and HarmoniaF2
Bask in the glens or on the warm sea shoreM3
In breathless quiet after all their illsA
Nor do they see their country nor the placeA
Where the Sphinx lived among the frowning hillsA
Nor the unhappy palace of their raceA
Nor Thebes nor the Ismenus any moreM3
-
There those two live far in the Illyrian brakesA
They had stay'd long enough to seeA
In Thebes the billow of calamityA
Over their own dear children roll'dS3
Curse upon curse pang upon pangJ4
For years they sitting helpless in their homeX
A grey old man and woman yet of oldS3
The Gods had to their marriage comeH3
And at the banquet all the Muses sangJ4
-
Therefore they did not end their daysA
In sight of blood but were rapt far awayR2
To where the west wind playsA
And murmurs of the Adriatic comeH3
To those untrodden mountain lawns and thereI2
Placed safely in changed forms the PairI2
Wholly forget their first sad life and homeX
And all that Theban woe and strayR2
For ever through the glens placid and dumbH3
-
EMPEDOCLESA
-
That was my harp player again where is heA
Down by the streamG3
-
PAUSANIASA
-
Yes Master in the woodS3
-
EMPEDOCLESA
-
He ever loved the Theban story wellE2
But the day wears Go now PausaniasA
For I must be alone Leave me one muleD4
Take down with thee the rest to CatanaF2
And for young Callicles thank him from meA
Tell him I never fail'd to love his lyreT2
But he must follow me no more tonightS3
-
PAUSANIASA
-
Thou wilt return to morrow to the cityA
-
EMPEDOCLESA
-
Either to morrow or some other dayR2
In the sure revolutions of the worldS3
Good friend I shall revisit CatanaF2
I have seen many cities in my timeL2
Till my eyes ache with the long spectacleZ2
And I shall doubtless see them all againF2
Thou know'st me for a wanderer from of oldS3
Meanwhile stay me not now Farewell PausaniasA
He departs on his way up the mountainF2
-
PAUSANIAS aloneF2
-
I dare not urge him further he must goA
But he is strangely wrought I will speed backK4
And bring Peisianax to him from the cityA
His counsel could once soothe him But ApolloA
How his brow lighten'd as the music roseA
Callicles must wait here and play to himN
I saw him through the chestnuts far belowA
Just since down at the stream Ho CalliclesA
He descends callingE
-
-
-
ACT IID
-
Evening The Summit of EtnaF2
-
EMPEDOCLESA
-
AloneF2
On this charr'd blacken'd melancholy wasteS3
Crown'd by the awful peak Etna's great mouthU
Round which the sullen vapour rolls aloneF2
Pausanias is far hence and that is wellE2
For I must henceforth speak no more with manF2
He has his lesson too and that debt's paidS3
And the good learned friendly quiet manF2
May bravelier front his life and in himselfB3
Find henceforth energy and heart but ID
The weary man the banish'd citizenF2
Whose banishment is not his greatest illM2
Whose weariness no energy can reachL4
And for whose hurt courage is not the cureO
What should I do with life and living moreM3
-
No thou art come too late EmpedoclesA
And the world hath the day and must break theeA
Not thou the world With men thou canst not liveB3
Their thoughts their ways their wishes are not thineF2
And being lonely thou art miserableZ2
For something has impair'd thy spirit's strengthU
And dried its self sufficing fount of joyW3
Thou canst not live with men nor with thyselfB3
Oh sage oh sage Take then the one way leftS3
And turn thee to the elements thy friendsA
Thy well tried friends thy willing ministersA
And say Ye servants hear EmpedoclesA
Who asks this final service at your handsA
Before the sophist brood hath overlaidS3
The last spark of man's consciousness with wordsA
Ere quite the being of man ere quite the worldS3
Be disarray'd of their divinityA
Before the soul lose all her solemn joysA
And awe be dead and hope impossibleZ2
And the soul's deep eternal night come onF2
Receive me hide me quench me take me homeX
He advances to the edge of the crater SmokeM4
and fire break forth with a loud noise andS3
CALLICLES is heard below singingE
-
The lyre's voice is lovely everywhereI2
In the court of Gods in the city of menF2
And in the lonely rock strewn mountain glenF2
In the still mountain airI2
-
Only to Typho it sounds hatefullyZ2
To Typho only the rebel o'erthrownF2
Through whose heart Etna drives her roots of stoneF2
To imbed them in the seaA
-
Wherefore dost thou groan so loudS3
Wherefore do thy nostrils flashN4
Through the dark night suddenlyA
Typho such red jets of flameI3
Is thy tortur'd heart still proudS3
Is thy fire scath'd arm still rashN4
Still alert thy stone crush'd frameI3
Doth thy fierce soul still deploreM3
The ancient rout by the Cilician hillsA
And that curst treachery on the Mount of GoreM3
Do thy bloodshot eyes still seeA
The fight that crown'd thy illsA
Thy last defeat in this Sicilian seaA
Hast thou sworn in thy sad lairI2
Where east the strong sea currents suck'd thee downF2
Never to cease to writhe and try to sleepO4
Letting the sea stream wander through thy hairI2
That thy groans like thunder deepO4
Begin to roll and almost drownF2
The sweet notes whose lulling spellZ2
Gods and the race of mortals love so wellZ2
When through thy eaves thou hearest music swellZ2
-
But an awful pleasure blandS3
Spreading o'er the Thunderer's faceA
When the sound climbs near his seatS3
The Olympian council seesA
As he lets his lax right handS3
Which the lightnings doth embraceA
Sink upon his mighty kneesA
And the eagle at the beckP4
Of the appeasing gracious harmonyA
Droops all his sheeny brown deep feather'd neckP4
Nestling nearer to Jove's feetS3
While o'er his sovereign eyeD
The curtains of the blue films slowly meetS3
And the white Olympus peaksA
Rosily brighten and the sooth'd Gods smileZ2
At one another from their golden chairsA
And no one round the charm d circle speaksA
Only the loved Hebe bearsA
The cup about whose draughts beguileZ2
Pain and care with a dark storeM3
Of fresh pull'd violets wreath'd and nodding o'erC
And her flush'd feet glow on the marble floorM3
-
EMPEDOCLESA
-
He fables yet speaks truthU
The brave impetuous heart yields everywhereI2
To the subtle contriving headS3
Great qualities are trodden downF2
And littleness unitedS3
Is become invincibleZ2
-
These rumblings are not Typho's groans I knowF2
These angry smoke burstsA
Are not the passionate breathU
Of the mountain crush'd tortur'd intractable Titan kingE
But overall the worldS3
What suffering is there not seenF2
Of plainness oppress'd by cunningE
As the well counsell'd Zeus oppress'dS3
The self helping son of earthU
What anguish of greatnessA
Rail'd and hunted from the worldS3
Because its simplicity rebukesA
This envious miserable ageF4
I am weary of itS3
Lie there ye ensignsA
Of my unloved pre eminenceA
In an age like thisA
Among a people of childrenF2
Who throng'd me in their citiesA
Who worshipp'd me in their housesA
And ask'd not wisdomH3
But drugs to charm withU
But spells to mutterC
All the fool's armoury of magic Lie thereI2
My golden circletS3
My purple robeQ4
-
CALLICLES from belowF2
-
As the sky brightening south wind clears the dayS3
And makes the mass'd clouds rollZ2
The music of the lyre blows awayS3
The clouds that wrap the soulZ2
-
Oh that Fate had let me seeA
That triumph of the sweet persuasive lyreT2
That famous final victoryA
When jealous Pan with Marsyas did conspireC
-
When from far Parnassus' sideS3
Young Apollo all the prideS3
Of the Phrygian flutes to tameI3
To the Phrygian highlands cameI3
Where the long green reed beds swayS3
In the rippled waters greyS3
Of that solitary lakeC4
Where Maeander's springs are bornF2
Where the ridg'd pine wooded rootsA
Of Messogis westward breakC4
Mounting westward high and higherC
There was held the famous strifeB3
There the Phrygian brought his flutesA
And Apollo brought his lyreT2
And when now the westering sunF2
Touch'd the hills the strife was doneF2
And the attentive Muses saidS3
'Marsyas thou art vanquish d '-
Then Apollo's ministerC
Hang'd upon a branching firC
Marsyas that unhappy FaunF2
And began to whet his knifeB3
But the Maenads who were thereI2
Left their friend and with robes flowingE
In the wind and loose dark hairI2
O'er their polish'd bosoms blowingE
Each her ribbon'd tambourineF2
Flinging on the mountain sodS3
With a lovely frighten'd mienF2
Came about the youthful GodS3
But he turn'd his beauteous faceA
Haughtily another wayS3
From the grassy sun warm'd placeA
Where in proud repose he layS3
With one arm over his headS3
Watching how the whetting spedS3
-
But aloof on the lake strandS3
Did the young Olympus standS3
Weeping at his master's endS3
For the Faun had been his friendS3
For he taught him how to singE
And he taught him flute playingE
Many a morning had they goneF2
To the glimmering mountain lakesA
And had torn up by the rootsA
The tall crested water reedsA
With long plumes and soft brown seedsA
And had carved them into flutesA
Sitting on a tabled stoneF2
Where the shoreward ripple breaksA
And he taught him how to pleaseA
The red snooded Phrygian girlsA
Whom the summer evening seesA
Flashing in the dance's whirlsA
Underneath the starlit treesA
In the mountain villagesA
Therefore now Olympus standsA
At his master's piteous criesA
Pressing fast with both his handsA
His white garment to his eyesA
Not to see Apollo's scornF2
Ah poor Faun poor Faun ah poor FaunF2
-
EMPEDOCLESA
-
And lie thou thereI2
My laurel boughU
Scornful Apollo's ensign lie thou thereI2
Though thou hast been my shade in the world's heatS3
Though I have loved thee lived in honouring theeA
Yet lie thou thereI2
My laurel boughU
-
I am weary of theeA
I am weary of the solitudeS3
Where he who bears thee must abideS3
Of the rocks of ParnassusA
Of the gorge of DelphiD
Of the moonlit peaks and the cavesA
Thou guardest them ApolloF2
Over the grave of the slain PythoA
Though young intolerably severeQ3
Thou keepest aloof the profaneF2
But the solitude oppresses thy votaryQ3
The jars of men reach him not in thy valleyA
But can life reach himN
Thou fencest him from the multitudeS3
Who will fence him from himselfB3
He hears nothing but the cry of the torrentsA
And the beating of his own heartS3
The air is thin the veins swellZ2
The temples tighten and throb thereQ3
Air airQ3
-
Take thy bough set me free from my solitudeS3
I have been enough aloneF2
-
Where shall thy votary fly then back to menF2
But they will gladly welcome him once moreQ3
And help him to unbend his too tense thoughtS3
And rid him of the presence of himselfB3
And keep their friendly chatter at his earQ3
And haunt him till the absence from himselfB3
That other torment grow unbearableZ2
And he will fly to solitude againF2
And he will find its air too keen for himN
And so change back and many thousand timesA
Be miserably bandied to and froQ3
Like a sea wave betwixt the world and theeA
Thou young implacable God and only deathA
Shall cut his oscillations short and soQ3
Bring him to poise There is no other wayS3
-
And yet what days were those ParmenidesQ3
When we were young when we could number friendsQ3
In all the Italian cities like ourselvesQ3
When with elated hearts we join'd your trainF2
Ye Sun born Virgins on the road of truthA
Then we could still enjoy then neither thoughtS3
Nor outward things were clos'd and dead to usQ3
But we receiv'd the shock of mighty thoughtsQ3
On simple minds with a pure natural joyW3
And if the sacred load oppress'd our brainF2
We had the power to feel the pressure easedS3
The brow unbound the thoughts flow free againF2
In the delightful commerce of the worldS3
We had not lost our balance then nor grownF2
Thought's slaves and dead to every natural joyW3
The smallest thing could give us pleasure thenF2
The sports of the country peopleZ2
A flute note from the woodsQ3
Sunset over the seaQ3
Seed time and harvestS3
The reapers in the cornF2
The vinedresser in his vineyardS3
The village girl at her wheelZ2
-
Fullness of life and power of feeling yeQ3
Are for the happy for the souls at easeQ3
Who dwell on a firm basis of contentS3
But he who has outliv'd his prosperous daysQ3
But he whose youth fell on a different worldS3
From that on which his exiled age is thrownF2
Whose mind was fed on other food was train'dS3
By other rules than are in vogue to dayS3
Whose habit of thought is fix'd who will not changeR4
But in a world he loves not must subsistS3
In ceaseless opposition be the guardS3
Of his own breast fetterd to what he guardsQ3
That the world win no mastery over himN
Who has no friend no fellow left not oneF2
Who has no minute's breathing space allow'dS3
To nurse his dwindling faculty of joyW3
Joy and the outward world must die to himN
As they are dead to meQ3
A long pause during which EMPEDOCLES remainsQ3
motionless plunged in thought The night deepensQ3
He moves forward and gazes round him and proceedsQ3
-
And you ye starsQ3
Who slowly begin to marshalZ2
As of old in the fields of heavenF2
Your distant melancholy linesQ3
Have you too survived yourselvesQ3
Are you too what I fear to becomeH3
You too once livedS3
You too moved joyfullyQ3
Among august companionsQ3
In an older world peopled by GodsQ3
In a mightier orderQ3
The radiant rejoicing intelligent Sons of HeavenF2
But now you kindleZ2
Your lonely cold shining lightsQ3
Unwilling lingerersQ3
In the heavenly wildernessQ3
For a younger ignoble worldS3
And renew by necessityQ3
Night after night your coursesQ3
In echoing unnear'd silenceQ3
Above a race you know notS3
Uncaring and undelightedS3
Without friend and without homeX
Weary like us though notS3
Weary with our wearinessQ3
-
No no ye stars there is no death with youS3
No languor no decay Languor and deathA
They are with me not you ye are aliveB3
Ye and the pure dark ether where ye rideS3
Brilliant above me And thou fiery worldS3
That sapp'st the vitals of this terrible mountS3
Upon whose charr'd and quaking crust I standS3
Thou too brimmest with life the sea of cloudS3
That heaves its white and billowy vapours upL
To moat this isle of ashes from the worldS3
Lives and that other fainter sea far downF2
O'er whose lit floor a road of moonbeams leadsQ3
To Etna's Lipar an sister firesQ3
And the long dusky line of ItalyQ3
That mild and luminous floor of waters livesQ3
With held in joy swelling its heart I onlyQ3
Whose spring of hope is dried whose spirit has fail'dS3
I who have not like these in solitudeS3
Maintain'd courage and force and in myselfB3
Nursed an immortal vigour I aloneF2
Am dead to life and joy therefore I readS3
In all things my own deadnessQ3
A long silence He continuesQ3
-
Oh that I could glow like this mountainF2
Oh that my heart bounded with the swell of the seaQ3
Oh that my soul were full of light as the starsQ3
Oh that it brooded over the world like the airQ3
-
But no this heart will glow no more thou artS3
A living man no more EmpedoclesQ3
Nothing but a devouring flame of thoughtS3
But a naked eternally restless mindS3
After a pauseQ3
-
To the elements it came fromH3
Everything will returnF2
Our bodies to earthA
Our blood to waterQ3
Heat to fireQ3
Breath to airQ3
They were well born they will be well entomb'dS3
But mindS3
-
And we might gladly share the fruitful stirQ3
Down in our mother earth's miraculous wombN2
Well might it beQ3
With what roll'd of us in the stormy mainF2
We might have joy blent with the all bathing airQ3
Or with the nimble radiant life of fireQ3
-
But mind but thoughtS3
If these have been the master part of usQ3
Where will they find their parent elementS3
What will receive them who will call them homeX
But we shall still be in them and they in usQ3
And we shall be the strangers of the worldS3
And they will be our lords as they are nowU
And keep us prisoners of our consciousnessQ3
And never let us clasp and feel the AllZ2
But through their forms and modes and stifling veilsQ3
And we shall be unsatisfied as nowU
And we shall feel the agony of thirstS3
The ineffable longing for the life of lifeB3
Baffled for ever and still thought and mindS3
Will hurry us with them on their homeless marchS4
Over the unallied unopening earthA
Over the unrecognizing sea while airQ3
Will blow us fiercely back to sea and earthA
And fire repel us from its living wavesQ3
And then we shall unwillingly returnF2
Back to this meadow of calamityQ3
This uncongenial place this human lifeB3
And in our individual human stateS3
Go through the sad probation all againF2
To see if we will poise our life at lastS3
To see if we will now at last be trueS3
To our own only true deep buried selvesQ3
Being one with which we are one with the whole worldS3
Or whether we will once more fall awayS3
Into some bondage of the flesh or mindS3
Some slough of sense or some fantastic mazeQ3
Forg'd by the imperious lonely thinking powerQ3
And each succeeding age in which we are bornF2
Will have more peril for us than the lastS3
Will goad our senses with a sharper spurQ3
Will fret our minds to an intenser playS3
Will make ourselves harder to be discern'dS3
And we shall struggle awhile gasp and rebelZ2
And we shall fly for refuge to past timesQ3
Their soul of unworn youth their breath of greatnessQ3
And the reality will pluck us backK4
Knead us in its hot hand and change our natureQ3
And we shall feel our powers of effort flagT4
And rally them for one last fight and failZ2
And we shall sink in the impossible strifeB3
And be astray for everQ3
Slave of senseQ3
I have in no wise been but slave of thoughtS3
And who can say I have been always freeQ3
Lived ever in the light of my own soulZ2
I cannot I have lived in wrath and gloomN2
Fierce disputatious ever at war with manF2
Far from my own soul far from warmth and lightS3
But I have not grown easy in these bondsQ3
But I have not denied what bonds these wereQ3
Yea I take myself to witnessQ3
That I have loved no darknessQ3
Sophisticated no truthA
Nursed no delusionF2
Allow'd no fearQ3
-
And therefore O ye elements I knowQ3
Ye know it too it hath been granted meQ3
Not to die wholly not to be all enslav'dS3
I feel it in this hour The numbing cloudS3
Mounts off my soul I feel it I breathe freeQ3
-
Is it but for a momentS3
Ah boil up ye vapoursQ3
Leap and roar thou sea of fireQ3
My soul glows to meet youS3
Ere it flag ere the mistsQ3
Of despondency and gloomN2
Rush over it againF2
Receive me Save me He plunges into the craterQ3
-
CALLICLES front belowQ3
-
Through the black rushing smoke burstsQ3
Thick breaks the red flameI3
All Etna heaves fiercelyQ3
Her forest cloth'd frameI3
-
Not here O ApolloQ3
Are haunts meet for theeQ3
But where Helicon breaks downF2
In cliff to the seaQ3
-
Where the moon silver'd inletsQ3
Send far their light voiceQ3
Up the still vale of ThisbeQ3
O speed and rejoiceQ3
-
On the sward at the cliff topU4
Lie strewn the white flocksQ3
On the cliff side the pigeonsQ3
Roost deep in the rocksQ3
-
In the moonlight the shepherdsQ3
Soft lull'd by the rillsQ3
Lie wrapt in their blanketsQ3
Asleep on the hillsQ3
-
What forms are these comingE
So white through the gloom '-
What garments out glisteningE
The gold flower'd broomN2
-
What sweet breathing presenceQ3
Out perfumes the thymeL2
What voices enraptureQ3
The night's balmy primeL2
-
'Tis Apollo comes leadingE
His choir the NineF2
The leader is fairestS3
But all are divineF2
-
They are lost in the hollowsQ3
They stream up againF2
What seeks on this mountainF2
The glorified trainF2
-
They bathe on this mountainF2
In the spring by their roadS3
Then on to OlympusQ3
Their endless abodeS3
-
Whose praise do they mentionF2
Of what is it toldS3
What will be for everQ3
What was from of oldS3
-
First hymn they the FatherQ3
Of all things and thenF2
The rest of immortalsQ3
The action of menF2
-
The day in his hotnessQ3
The strife with the palmV4
The night in her silenceQ3
The stars in their calmV4

Matthew Arnold



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