To Sir Godfrey Kneller, Principal Painter To His Majesty.[1] Poem Rhyme Scheme and Analysis

Rhyme Scheme: AABCDDEEFGHHH IIJJKKLL MMNO PPQQJRSSS TTUVWWXXYY VVSSHHZZA2A2II B2B2DD C2C2XX C2D2E2E2F2F2GG IISSIIE2E2G2H2I2I2J2 J2AAK2K2 SSL2L2L2M2M2C2C2N2N2 N2N2O2P2LLEEE SSN2N2Q2R2UVV S2S2LLHH N2N2N2N2N2N2 HHC2C2C2T2MHH VUU2U2V2V2 W2W2N2N2 SSN2N2WWD2C2 N2N2N2N2N2N2MM

Once I beheld the fairest of her kindA
And still the sweet idea charms my mindA
True she was dumb for Nature gazed so longB
Pleased with her work that she forgot her tongueC
But smiling said She still shall gain the prizeD
I only have transferr'd it to her eyesD
Such are thy pictures Kneller such thy skillE
That Nature seems obedient to thy willE
Comes out and meets thy pencil in the draughtF
Lives there and wants but words to speak her thoughtG
At least thy pictures look a voice and weH
Imagine sounds deceived to that degreeH
We think 'tis somewhat more than just to seeH
-
Shadows are but privations of the lightI
Yet when we walk they shoot before the sightI
With us approach retire arise and fallJ
Nothing themselves and yet expressing allJ
Such are thy pieces imitating lifeK
So near they almost conquer in the strifeK
And from their animated canvas cameL
Demanding souls and loosen'd from the frameL
-
Prometheus were he here would cast awayM
His Adam and refuse a soul to clayM
And either would thy noble work inspireN
Or think it warm enough without his fireO
-
But vulgar hands may vulgar likeness raiseP
This is the least attendant on thy praiseP
From hence the rudiments of art beganQ
A coal or chalk first imitated manQ
Perhaps the shadow taken on a wallJ
Gave outlines to the rude originalR
Ere canvas yet was strain'd before the graceS
Of blended colours found their use and placeS
Or cypress tablets first received a faceS
-
By slow degrees the godlike art advancedT
As man grew polish'd picture was enhancedT
Greece added posture shade and perspectiveU
And then the mimic piece began to liveV
Yet p rspective was lame no distance trueW
But all came forward in one common viewW
No point of light was known no bounds of artX
When light was there it knew not to departX
But glaring on remoter objects play'dY
Not languish'd and insensibly decay'dY
-
Rome raised not art but barely kept aliveV
And with old Greece unequally did striveV
Till Goths and Vandals a rude northern raceS
Did all the matchless monuments defaceS
Then all the Muses in one ruin beH
And rhyme began to enervate poetryH
Thus in a stupid military stateZ
The pen and pencil find an equal fateZ
Flat faces such as would disgrace a screenA2
Such as in Bantam's embassy were seenA2
Unraised unrounded were the rude delightI
Of brutal nations only born to fightI
-
Long time the sister arts in iron sleepB2
A heavy sabbath did supinely keepB2
At length in Raphael's age at once they riseD
Stretch all their limbs and open all their eyesD
-
Thence rose the Roman and the Lombard lineC2
One colour'd best and one did best designC2
Raphael's like Homer's was the nobler partX
But Titian's painting look'd like Virgil's artX
-
Thy genius gives thee both where true designC2
Postures unforced and lively colours joinD2
Likeness is ever there but still the bestE2
Like proper thoughts in lofty language dress'dE2
Where light to shades descending plays not strivesF2
Dies by degrees and by degrees revivesF2
Of various parts a perfect whole is wroughtG
Thy pictures think and we divine their thoughtG
-
Shakspeare thy gift I place before my sightI
With awe I ask his blessing ere I writeI
With reverence look on his majestic faceS
Proud to be less but of his godlike raceS
His soul inspires me while thy praise I writeI
And I like Teucer under Ajax fightI
Bids thee through me be bold with dauntless breastE2
Contemn the bad and emulate the bestE2
Like his thy critics in the attempt are lostG2
When most they rail know then they envy mostH2
In vain they snarl aloof a noisy crowdI2
Like women's anger impotent and loudI2
While they their barren industry deploreJ2
Pass on secure and mind the goal beforeJ2
Old as she is my Muse shall march behindA
Bear off the blast and intercept the windA
Our arts are sisters though not twins in birthK2
For hymns were sung in Eden's happy earthK2
-
But oh the painter Muse though last in placeS
Has seized the blessing first like Jacob's raceS
Apelles' art an Alexander foundL2
And Raphael did with Leo's gold aboundL2
But Homer was with barren laurel crown'dL2
Thou hadst thy Charles a while and so had IM2
But pass we that unpleasing image byM2
Rich in thyself and of thyself divineC2
All pilgrims come and offer at thy shrineC2
A graceful truth thy pencil can commandN2
The fair themselves go mended from thy handN2
Likeness appears in every lineamentN2
But likeness in thy work is eloquentN2
Though nature there her true resemblance bearsO2
A nobler beauty in thy peace appearsP2
So warm thy work so glows the generous frameL
Flesh looks less living in the lovely dameL
Thou paint'st as we describe improving stillE
When on wild nature we ingraft our skillE
But not creating beauties at our willE
-
But poets are confined in narrower spaceS
To speak the language of their native placeS
The painter widely stretches his commandN2
Thy pencil speaks the tongue of every landN2
From hence my friend all climates are your ownQ2
Nor can you forfeit for you hold of noneR2
All nations all immunities will giveU
To make you theirs where'er you please to liveV
And not seven cities but the world would striveV
-
Sure some propitious planet then did smileS2
When first you were conducted to this isleS2
Our genius brought you here to enlarge our fameL
For your good stars are everywhere the sameL
Thy matchless hand of every region freeH
Adopts our climate not our climate theeH
-
Great Rome and Venice early did impartN2
To thee the examples of their wondrous artN2
Those masters then but seen not understoodN2
With generous emulation fired thy bloodN2
For what in nature's dawn the child admiredN2
The youth endeavour'd and the man acquiredN2
-
If yet thou hast not reach'd their high degreeH
'Tis only wanting to this age not theeH
Thy genius bounded by the times like mineC2
Drudges on petty draughts nor dare designC2
A more exalted work and more divineC2
For what a song or senseless operaT2
Is to the living labour of a playM
Or what a play to Virgil's work would beH
Such is a single piece to historyH
-
But we who life bestow ourselves must liveV
Kings cannot reign unless their subjects giveU
And they who pay the taxes bear the ruleU2
Thus thou sometimes art forced to draw a foolU2
But so his follies in thy posture sinkV2
The senseless idiot seems at last to thinkV2
-
Good heaven that sots and knaves should be so vainW2
To wish their vile resemblance may remainW2
And stand recorded at their own requestN2
To future days a libel or a jestN2
-
Else should we see your noble pencil traceS
Our unities of action time and placeS
A whole composed of parts and those the bestN2
With every various character express'dN2
Heroes at large and at a nearer viewW
Less and at distance an ignobler crewW
While all the figures in one action joinD2
As tending to complete the main designC2
-
More cannot be by mortal art express'dN2
But venerable age shall add the restN2
For time shall with his ready pencil standN2
Retouch your fingers with his ripening handN2
Mellow your colours and embrown the tintN2
Add every grace which time alone can grantN2
To future ages shall your fame conveyM
And give more beauties than he takes awayM

John Dryden



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