Georgic 1 Poem Rhyme Scheme and Analysis
Rhyme Scheme: ABCDEFGCHIJKGGLMNOGP GQJRSTUGGUUVUWXYGTZT UACGA2B2C2LYD2E2UGF2 UG2H2I2J2GUGK2GGL2UF 2M2GN2GGM2GO2GGM2M2U P2M2GGM2P2GGJM2GUGUM 2M2GM2M2Q2M2R2GM2M2G GS2PT2GF2UM2GM2M2GM2 M2GUB2NU2UGV2F2D2M2W 2UUGM2GGGGM2X2GM2Y2J 2GD2D2UR2GZ2A2M2GUGA 2UUA3WD2UGT2UM2B3D2D 2UD2M2M2J2GY2GWhat makes the cornfield smile beneath what star | A |
Maecenas it is meet to turn the sod | B |
Or marry elm with vine how tend the steer | C |
What pains for cattle keeping or what proof | D |
Of patient trial serves for thrifty bees | E |
Such are my themes | F |
O universal lights | G |
Most glorious ye that lead the gliding year | C |
Along the sky Liber and Ceres mild | H |
If by your bounty holpen earth once changed | I |
Chaonian acorn for the plump wheat ear | J |
And mingled with the grape your new found gift | K |
The draughts of Achelous and ye Fauns | G |
To rustics ever kind come foot it Fauns | G |
And Dryad maids together your gifts I sing | L |
And thou for whose delight the war horse first | M |
Sprang from earth's womb at thy great trident's stroke | N |
Neptune and haunter of the groves for whom | O |
Three hundred snow white heifers browse the brakes | G |
The fertile brakes of Ceos and clothed in power | P |
Thy native forest and Lycean lawns | G |
Pan shepherd god forsaking as the love | Q |
Of thine own Maenalus constrains thee hear | J |
And help O lord of Tegea And thou too | R |
Minerva from whose hand the olive sprung | S |
And boy discoverer of the curved plough | T |
And bearing a young cypress root uptorn | U |
Silvanus and Gods all and Goddesses | G |
Who make the fields your care both ye who nurse | G |
The tender unsown increase and from heaven | U |
Shed on man's sowing the riches of your rain | U |
And thou even thou of whom we know not yet | V |
What mansion of the skies shall hold thee soon | U |
Whether to watch o'er cities be thy will | W |
Great Caesar and to take the earth in charge | X |
That so the mighty world may welcome thee | Y |
Lord of her increase master of her times | G |
Binding thy mother's myrtle round thy brow | T |
Or as the boundless ocean's God thou come | Z |
Sole dread of seamen till far Thule bow | T |
Before thee and Tethys win thee to her son | U |
With all her waves for dower or as a star | A |
Lend thy fresh beams our lagging months to cheer | C |
Where 'twixt the Maid and those pursuing Claws | G |
A space is opening see red Scorpio's self | A2 |
His arms draws in yea and hath left thee more | B2 |
Than thy full meed of heaven be what thou wilt | C2 |
For neither Tartarus hopes to call thee king | L |
Nor may so dire a lust of sovereignty | Y |
E'er light upon thee howso Greece admire | D2 |
Elysium's fields and Proserpine not heed | E2 |
Her mother's voice entreating to return | U |
Vouchsafe a prosperous voyage and smile on this | G |
My bold endeavour and pitying even as I | F2 |
These poor way wildered swains at once begin | U |
Grow timely used unto the voice of prayer | G2 |
In early spring tide when the icy drip | H2 |
Melts from the mountains hoar and Zephyr's breath | I2 |
Unbinds the crumbling clod even then 'tis time | J2 |
Press deep your plough behind the groaning ox | G |
And teach the furrow burnished share to shine | U |
That land the craving farmer's prayer fulfils | G |
Which twice the sunshine twice the frost has felt | K2 |
Ay that's the land whose boundless harvest crops | G |
Burst see the barns | G |
But ere our metal cleave | L2 |
An unknown surface heed we to forelearn | U |
The winds and varying temper of the sky | F2 |
The lineal tilth and habits of the spot | M2 |
What every region yields and what denies | G |
Here blithelier springs the corn and here the grape | N2 |
There earth is green with tender growth of trees | G |
And grass unbidden See how from Tmolus comes | G |
The saffron's fragrance ivory from Ind | M2 |
From Saba's weakling sons their frankincense | G |
Iron from the naked Chalybs castor rank | O2 |
From Pontus from Epirus the prize palms | G |
O' the mares of Elis | G |
Such the eternal bond | M2 |
And such the laws by Nature's hand imposed | M2 |
On clime and clime e'er since the primal dawn | U |
When old Deucalion on the unpeopled earth | P2 |
Cast stones whence men a flinty race were reared | M2 |
Up then if fat the soil let sturdy bulls | G |
Upturn it from the year's first opening months | G |
And let the clods lie bare till baked to dust | M2 |
By the ripe suns of summer but if the earth | P2 |
Less fruitful just ere Arcturus rise | G |
With shallower trench uptilt it 'twill suffice | G |
There lest weeds choke the crop's luxuriance here | J |
Lest the scant moisture fail the barren sand | M2 |
Then thou shalt suffer in alternate years | G |
The new reaped fields to rest and on the plain | U |
A crust of sloth to harden or when stars | G |
Are changed in heaven there sow the golden grain | U |
Where erst luxuriant with its quivering pod | M2 |
Pulse or the slender vetch crop thou hast cleared | M2 |
And lupin sour whose brittle stalks arise | G |
A hurtling forest For the plain is parched | M2 |
By flax crop parched by oats by poppies parched | M2 |
In Lethe slumber drenched Nathless by change | Q2 |
The travailing earth is lightened but stint not | M2 |
With refuse rich to soak the thirsty soil | R2 |
And shower foul ashes o'er the exhausted fields | G |
Thus by rotation like repose is gained | M2 |
Nor earth meanwhile uneared and thankless left | M2 |
Oft too 'twill boot to fire the naked fields | G |
And the light stubble burn with crackling flames | G |
Whether that earth therefrom some hidden strength | S2 |
And fattening food derives or that the fire | P |
Bakes every blemish out and sweats away | T2 |
Each useless humour or that the heat unlocks | G |
New passages and secret pores whereby | F2 |
Their life juice to the tender blades may win | U |
Or that it hardens more and helps to bind | M2 |
The gaping veins lest penetrating showers | G |
Or fierce sun's ravening might or searching blast | M2 |
Of the keen north should sear them Well I wot | M2 |
He serves the fields who with his harrow breaks | G |
The sluggish clods and hurdles osier twined | M2 |
Hales o'er them from the far Olympian height | M2 |
Him golden Ceres not in vain regards | G |
And he who having ploughed the fallow plain | U |
And heaved its furrowy ridges turns once more | B2 |
Cross wise his shattering share with stroke on stroke | N |
The earth assails and makes the field his thrall | U2 |
Pray for wet summers and for winters fine | U |
Ye husbandmen in winter's dust the crops | G |
Exceedingly rejoice the field hath joy | V2 |
No tilth makes Mysia lift her head so high | F2 |
Nor Gargarus his own harvests so admire | D2 |
Why tell of him who having launched his seed | M2 |
Sets on for close encounter and rakes smooth | W2 |
The dry dust hillocks then on the tender corn | U |
Lets in the flood whose waters follow fain | U |
And when the parched field quivers and all the blades | G |
Are dying from the brow of its hill bed | M2 |
See see he lures the runnel down it falls | G |
Waking hoarse murmurs o'er the polished stones | G |
And with its bubblings slakes the thirsty fields | G |
Or why of him who lest the heavy ears | G |
O'erweigh the stalk while yet in tender blade | M2 |
Feeds down the crop's luxuriance when its growth | X2 |
First tops the furrows Why of him who drains | G |
The marsh land's gathered ooze through soaking sand | M2 |
Chiefly what time in treacherous moons a stream | Y2 |
Goes out in spate and with its coat of slime | J2 |
Holds all the country whence the hollow dykes | G |
Sweat steaming vapour | D2 |
But no whit the more | D2 |
For all expedients tried and travail borne | U |
By man and beast in turning oft the soil | R2 |
Do greedy goose and Strymon haunting cranes | G |
And succory's bitter fibres cease to harm | Z2 |
Or shade not injure The great Sire himself | A2 |
No easy road to husbandry assigned | M2 |
And first was he by human skill to rouse | G |
The slumbering glebe whetting the minds of men | U |
With care on care nor suffering realm of his | G |
In drowsy sloth to stagnate Before Jove | A2 |
Fields knew no taming hand of husbandmen | U |
To mark the plain or mete with boundary line | U |
Even this was impious for the common stock | A3 |
They gathered and the earth of her own will | W |
All things more freely no man bidding bore | D2 |
He to black serpents gave their venom bane | U |
And bade the wolf go prowl and ocean toss | G |
Shook from the leaves their honey put fire away | T2 |
And curbed the random rivers running wine | U |
That use by gradual dint of thought on thought | M2 |
Might forge the various arts with furrow's help | B3 |
The corn blade win and strike out hidden fire | D2 |
From the flint's heart Then first the streams were ware | D2 |
Of hollowed alder hulls the sailor then | U |
Their names and numbers gave to star and star | D2 |
Pleiads and Hyads and Lycaon's child | M2 |
Bright Arctos how with nooses then was found | M2 |
To catch wild beasts and cozen them with lime | J2 |
And hem with hounds the mighty forest glades | G |
Soon one with hand net scourges the broad stream | Y2 |
Probing its depths one drags his | G |
Publius Vergilius Maro
(1)
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