Winona Poem Rhyme Scheme and Analysis
Rhyme Scheme: ABACADAE FGH ICIGIJKLMANCOLPQAAAR AAASAAALAGTATCACKCAA AAUAUVAAAAWAWA X YG FZYA2V ICIAB2AB2EC2CC2AAAAC D2AD2AE2OE2F2G2CG2H2 GG2GC I2 J2 GWGG2GK2AOAL2AG2AA YFA M2N2M2G2O2P2O2AQ2RQ2 R2D2G2D2XS2AS2G2 GAGG2T2AT2L2G2AG2U2A XAAAN2AV2P2GP2G2W2G2 X2U2AAAL G2Y2 Z2AZ2AARAG2AG2AAAG2U G2ULZ2RZ2A3URUAQ2N2W AOCLL2P2U2P2AA2L2F2A R V A2CA2G2B3G2B3WE2G2E2 CA2AJ2C3GG2D3G2 E3 A AG2AC3O2AG2G2OG2C3AG 2AF3C3G3AH3A C G2A V O2AO2CACAI3G2C3G2C3C 3AC3CJ3I3J3C3 K3CK3RL3C3G2AG2C C3CC3CAC3ACC3G2C3GC3 C AGC3XC3CG2AC3CC3C3 M3 AC3AAACACALAC3GLC3C3 C3AC3AC3G2C3C3C3AN3C 3N3AO3CO3A P3AP3AD2C3 CAG2L AC3G2 C3G2G2 RC3 A C3AC3AC3A Q3CG2AC3AC3AC3AC3G2 R3 C3C3C3AC3CC3AC3G2C3A C3AC3G2ACARC3S3C3AG2 RG2T3C3T3C3AQ3AQ3G2G 2G2G2G AAACAAG2CG2C3ACAAG2A G2CAAAACACC3AT3AAAAC 3AG2AG2AG2T3C3GC3G2A G2AAC3AC3T3G2AG2RC CL C3AC3LAC3AACT3CACAC3 G2C3T3G2LAAC3C3C3AC3 C CA G2When the meadow lark trilled o'er the leas | A |
and the oriole piped in the maples | B |
From my hammock all under the trees | A |
by the sweet scented field of red clover | C |
I harked to the hum of the bees | A |
as they gathered the mead of the blossoms | D |
And caught from their low melodies | A |
the air of the song of Winona | E |
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In pronouncing Dakota words give a the sound of | F |
ah e the sound of a i the sound of e | G |
and u the sound of oo Sound ee as in English | H |
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Two hundred white Winters and more | I |
have fled from the face of the Summer | C |
Since here on the oak shaded shore | I |
of the dark winding swift Mississippi | G |
Where his foaming floods tumble and roar | I |
o'er the falls and the white rolling rapids | J |
In the fair fabled center of Earth | K |
sat the Indian town of Ka tha ga | L |
Far rolling away to the north and the south | M |
lay the emerald prairies | A |
All dotted with woodlands and lakes | N |
and above them the blue bent of ether | C |
And here where the dark river breaks into spray | O |
and the roar of the Ha Ha | L |
Where gathered the bison skin tees F | P |
of the chief tawny tribe of Dakotas | Q |
For here in the blast and the breeze | A |
flew the flag of the chief of Isantees | A |
Up raised on the stem of a lance | A |
the feathery flag of the eagle | R |
And here to the feast and the dance | A |
from the prairies remote and the forests | A |
Oft gathered the out lying bands | A |
and honored the gods of the nation | S |
On the islands and murmuring strands | A |
they danced to the god of the waters | A |
Unktehee who dwelt in the caves | A |
deep under the flood of the Ha Ha | L |
And high o'er the eddies and waves | A |
hung their offerings of furs and tobacco G | G |
And here to the Master of life | T |
Anpe tu wee god of the heavens | A |
Chief warrior and maiden and wife | T |
burned the sacred green sprigs of the cedar | C |
And here to the Searcher of hearts | A |
fierce Ta ku Skan skan the avenger | C |
Who dwells in the uppermost parts of the earth | K |
and the blue starry ether | C |
Ever watching with all seeing eyes | A |
the deeds of the wives and the warriors | A |
As an osprey afar in the skies | A |
sees the fish as they swim in the waters | A |
Oft spread they the bison tongue feast | U |
and singing preferred their petitions | A |
Till the Day Spirit rose in the East | U |
in the red rosy robes of the morning | V |
To sail o'er the sea of the skies | A |
to his lodge in the land of the shadows | A |
Where the black winged tornadoes H arise | A |
rushing loud from the mouths of their caverns | A |
And here with a shudder they heard | W |
flying far from his tee in the mountains | A |
Wa kin yan the huge Thunder Bird | W |
with the arrows of fire in his talons | A |
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F Tee teepee the Dakota name for tent or wigwam | X |
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G See Hennepin's Description of Louisiana by Shea pp and | Y |
Parkman's Discovery p and Carver's Travels p | G |
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H The Dakotas like the ancient Romans and Greeks think the home of | F |
the winds is in the caverns of the mountains and their great | Z |
Thunder bird resembles in many respects the Jupiter of the Romans and | Y |
the Zeus of the Greeks The resemblance of the Dakota mythology to that | A2 |
of the older Greeks and Romans is striking | V |
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Two hundred white Winters and more | I |
have fled from the face of the Summer | C |
Since here by the cataract's roar | I |
in the moon of the red blooming lilies | A |
In the tee of Ta te psin I was born | B2 |
Winona wild rose of the prairies | A |
Like the summer sun peeping at morn | B2 |
o'er the hills was the face of Winona | E |
And here she grew up like a queen | C2 |
a romping and lily lipped laughter | C |
And danced on the undulant green | C2 |
and played in the frolicsome waters | A |
Where the foaming tide tumbles and whirls | A |
o'er the murmuring rocks in the rapids | A |
And whiter than foam were the pearls | A |
that gleamed in the midst of her laughter | C |
Long and dark was her flowing hair flung | D2 |
like the robe of the night to the breezes | A |
And gay as the robin she sung | D2 |
or the gold breasted lark of the meadows | A |
Like the wings of the wind were her feet | E2 |
and as sure as the feet of Ta to ka J | O |
And oft like an antelope fleet | E2 |
o'er the hills and the prairies she bounded | F2 |
Lightly laughing in sport as she ran | G2 |
and looking back over her shoulder | C |
At the fleet footed maiden or man | G2 |
that vainly her flying feet followed | H2 |
The belle of the village was she | G |
and the pride of the aged Ta te psin | G2 |
Like a sunbeam she lighted his tee | G |
and gladdened the heart of her father | C |
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I Tate wind psin wild rice wild rice wind | I2 |
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J mountain antelope | J2 |
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In the golden hued Wazu pe wee | G |
the moon when the wild rice is gathered | W |
When the leaves on the tall sugar tree | G |
are as red as the breast of the robin | G2 |
And the red oaks that border the lea | G |
are aflame with the fire of the sunset | K2 |
From the wide waving fields of wild rice | A |
from the meadows of Psin ta wak pa dan K | O |
Where the geese and the mallards rejoice | A |
and grow fat on the bountiful harvest | L2 |
Came the hunters with saddles of moose | A |
and the flesh of the bear and the bison | G2 |
And the women in birch bark canoes | A |
well laden with rice from the meadows | A |
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K Little Rice River It bears the name of Rice Creek to day and | Y |
empties into the Mississippi from the east a few miles above | F |
Minneapolis | A |
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With the tall dusky hunters behold | M2 |
came a marvelous man or a spirit | N2 |
White faced and so wrinkled and old | M2 |
and clad in the robe of the raven | G2 |
Unsteady his steps were and slow | O2 |
and he walked with a staff in his right hand | P2 |
And white as the first falling snow | O2 |
were the thin locks that lay on his shoulders | A |
Like rime covered moss hung his beard | Q2 |
flowing down from his face to his girdle | R |
And wan was his aspect and weird | Q2 |
and often he chanted and mumbled | R2 |
In a strange and mysterious tongue | D2 |
as he bent o'er his book in devotion | G2 |
Or lifted his dim eyes and sung | D2 |
in a low voice the solemn Te Deum | X |
Or Latin or Hebrew or Greek | S2 |
all the same were his words to the warriors | A |
All the same to the maids and the meek | S2 |
wide wondering eyed hazel brown children | G2 |
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Father Rene Menard L it was he | G |
long lost to his Jesuit brothers | A |
Sent forth by an holy decree | G |
to carry the Cross to the heathen | G2 |
In his old age abandoned to die | T2 |
in the swamps by his timid companions | A |
He prayed to the Virgin on high | T2 |
and she led him forth from the forest | L2 |
For angels she sent him as men | G2 |
in the forms of the tawny Dakotas | A |
And they led his feet from the fen | G2 |
from the slough of despond and the desert | U2 |
Half dead in a dismal morass | A |
as they followed the red deer they found him | X |
In the midst of the mire and the grass | A |
and mumbling Te Deum laudamus | A |
Unktomee Ho muttered the braves | A |
for they deemed him the black Spider Spirit | N2 |
That dwells in the drearisome caves | A |
and walks on the marshes at midnight | V2 |
With a flickering torch in his hand | P2 |
to decoy to his den the unwary | G |
His tongue could they not understand | P2 |
but his torn hands all shriveled with famine | G2 |
He stretched to the hunters and said | W2 |
He feedeth his chosen with manna | G2 |
And ye are the angels of God | X2 |
sent to save me from death in the desert | U2 |
His famished and woe begone face | A |
and his tones touched the hearts of the hunters | A |
They fed the poor father apace | A |
and they led him away to Ka tha ga | L |
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L See the account of Father Menard his mission and disappearance in | G2 |
the wilderness Neill's Hist Minnesota pp inc | Y2 |
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There little by little he learned | Z2 |
the tongue of the tawny Dakotas | A |
And the heart of the good father yearned | Z2 |
to lead them away from their idols | A |
Their giants and dread Thunder birds | A |
their worship of stones and the devil | R |
Wakan de M they answered his words | A |
for he read from his book in the Latin | G2 |
Lest the Nazarene's holy commands | A |
by his tongue should be marred in translation | G2 |
And oft with his beads in his hands | A |
or the cross and the crucified Jesus | A |
He knelt by himself on the sands | A |
and his dim eyes uplifted to heaven | G2 |
But the braves bade him look to the East | U |
to the silvery lodge of Han nan na N | G2 |
And to dance with the chiefs at the feast | U |
at the feast of the Giant Heyo ka | L |
They frowned when the good father spurned | Z2 |
the flesh of the dog in the kettle | R |
And laughed when his fingers were burned | Z2 |
in the hot boiling pot of the giant | A3 |
The Black robe they called the poor priest | U |
from the hue of his robe and his girdle | R |
And never a game or a feast | U |
but the father must grace with his presence | A |
His prayer book the hunters revered | Q2 |
they deemed it a marvelous spirit | N2 |
It spoke and the white father heard | W |
it interpreted visions and omens | A |
And often they bade him to pray | O |
this marvelous spirit to answer | C |
And tell where the sly Chippewa | L |
might be ambushed and slain in his forest | L2 |
For Menard was the first in the land | P2 |
proclaiming like John in the desert | U2 |
The Kingdom of Heaven is at hand | P2 |
repent ye and turn from your idols | A |
The first of the brave brotherhood that | A2 |
threading the fens and the forest | L2 |
Stood afar by the turbulent flood | F2 |
at the falls of the Father of Waters | A |
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M It is wonderful | R |
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N The morning | V |
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In the lodge of the Stranger O he sat | A2 |
awaiting the crown of a martyr | C |
His sad face compassion begat | A2 |
in the heart of the dark eyed Winona | G2 |
Oft she came to the teepee and spoke | B3 |
she brought him the tongue of the bison | G2 |
Sweet nuts from the hazel and oak | B3 |
and flesh of the fawn and the mallard | W |
Soft hanpa P she made for his feet | E2 |
and leggins of velvety fawn skin | G2 |
A blanket of beaver complete | E2 |
and a hood of the hide of the otter | C |
And oft at his feet on the mat | A2 |
deftly braiding the flags and the rushes | A |
Till the sun sought his teepee | J2 |
she sat enchanted with what he related | C3 |
Of the white winged ships on the sea | G |
and the teepees far over the ocean | G2 |
Of the love and the sweet charity of the Christ | D3 |
and the beautiful Virgin | G2 |
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O A lodge set apart for guests of the village | E3 |
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P Moccasins | A |
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She listened like one in a trance | A |
when he spoke of the brave bearded Frenchmen | G2 |
From the green sun lit valleys of France | A |
to the wild Hochelaga Q transplanted | C3 |
Oft trailing the deserts of snow | O2 |
in the heart of the dense Huron forests | A |
Or steering the dauntless canoe | G2 |
through the waves of the fresh water ocean | G2 |
Yea stronger and braver are they | O |
said the aged Menard to Winona | G2 |
Than the head chief tall Wazi kute | C3 |
but their words are as soft as a maiden's | A |
Their eyes are the eyes of the swan | G2 |
but their hearts are the hearts of the eagles | A |
And the terrible Masa Wakan R | F3 |
ever walks by their side like a spirit | C3 |
Like a Thunder bird roaring in wrath | G3 |
flinging fire from his terrible talons | A |
He sends to their enemies death | H3 |
in the flash of the fatal Wakandee S | A |
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Q The Ottawa name for the region of the St Lawrence River | C |
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R Mysterious metal or metal having a spirit in it This is the | G2 |
common name applied by the Dakotas to all firearms | A |
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S Lightning | V |
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The Autumn was past and the snow | O2 |
lay drifted and deep on the prairies | A |
From his teepee of ice came the foe | O2 |
came the storm breathing god of the winter | C |
Then roared in the groves on the plains | A |
on the ice covered lakes and the river | C |
The blasts of the fierce hurricanes | A |
blown abroad from the breast of Waziya | I3 |
The bear cuddled down in his den | G2 |
and the elk fled away to the forest | C3 |
The pheasant and gray prairie hen | G2 |
made their beds in the heart of the snow drift | C3 |
The bison herds huddled and stood | C3 |
in the hollows and under the hill sides | A |
Or rooted the snow for their food | C3 |
in the lee of the bluffs and the timber | C |
And the mad winds that howled from the north | J3 |
from the ice covered seas of Waziya | I3 |
Chased the gray wolf and silver fox forth | J3 |
to their dens in the hills of the forest | C3 |
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Poor Father Menard he was ill | K3 |
in his breast burned the fire of a fever | C |
All in vain was the magical skill | K3 |
of Wicasta Wakan with his rattle | R |
Into soft child like slumber he fell | L3 |
and awoke in the land of the blessed | C3 |
To the holy applause of Well done | G2 |
and the harps in the hands of the angels | A |
Long he carried the cross and he won | G2 |
the coveted crown of a martyr | C |
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In the land of the heathen he died | C3 |
meekly following the voice of his Master | C |
One mourner alone by his side | C3 |
Ta te psin's compassionate daughter | C |
She wailed the dead father with tears | A |
and his bones by her kindred she buried | C3 |
Then winter followed winter The years | A |
sprinkled frost on the head of her father | C |
And three weary winters she dreamed | C3 |
of the fearless and fair bearded Frenchmen | G2 |
At midnight their swift paddles gleamed | C3 |
on the breast of the broad Mississippi | G |
And the eyes of the brave strangers beamed | C3 |
on the maid in the midst of her slumber | C |
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She lacked not admirers | A |
the light of the lover oft burned in her teepee | G |
At her couch in the midst of the night | C3 |
but she never extinguished the flambeau | X |
The son of Chief Wazi kute | C3 |
a fearless and eagle plumed warrior | C |
Long sighed for Winona | G2 |
and he was the pride of the band of Isantees | A |
Three times in the night at her bed | C3 |
had the brave held the torch of the lover | C |
And thrice had she covered her head | C3 |
and rejected the handsome Tamdoka T | C3 |
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T Tah mdo kah literally the buck deer | M3 |
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'Twas Summer The merry voiced birds | A |
trilled and warbled in woodland and meadow | C3 |
And abroad on the prairies the herds | A |
cropped the grass in the land of the lilies | A |
And sweet was the odor of rose | A |
wide wafted from hillside and heather | C |
In the leaf shaded lap of repose | A |
lay the bright blue eyed babes of the summer | C |
And low was the murmur of brooks | A |
and low was the laugh of the Ha Ha | L |
And asleep in the eddies and nooks | A |
lay the broods of maga and the mallard | C3 |
'Twas the moon of Wasunpa | G |
The band lay at rest in the tees at Ka tha ga | L |
And abroad o'er the beautiful land | C3 |
walked the spirits of Peace and of Plenty | C3 |
Twin sisters with bountiful hand | C3 |
wide scattering wild rice and the lilies | A |
An pe tu wee walked in the west | C3 |
to his lodge in the far away mountains | A |
And the war eagle flew to her nest | C3 |
in the oak on the Isle of the Spirit U | G2 |
And now at the end of the day | C3 |
by the shore of the Beautiful Island V | C3 |
A score of fair maidens and gay | C3 |
made joy in the midst of the waters | A |
Half robed in their dark flowing hair | N3 |
and limbed like the fair Aphrodite | C3 |
They played in the waters and there | N3 |
they dived and they swam like the beavers | A |
Loud laughing like loons on the lake | O3 |
when the moon is a round shield of silver | C |
And the songs of the whippowils wake | O3 |
on the shore in the midst of the maples | A |
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But hark on the river a song | P3 |
strange voices commingled in chorus | A |
On the current a boat swept along | P3 |
with DuLuth and his hardy companions | A |
To the stroke of their paddles they sung | D2 |
and this the refrain that they chanted | C3 |
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Dans mon chemin j'ai rencontre | C |
Deux cavaliers bien montes | A |
Lon lon laridon daine | G2 |
Lon lon laridon da | L |
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Deux cavaliers bien montes | A |
L'un a cheval et l'autre a pied | C3 |
Lon lon laridon daine | G2 |
Lon lon laridon da W | - |
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U The Dakotas say that for many years in olden times war eagles made | C3 |
their nests in oak trees on Spirit island Wanagi wita just below the | G2 |
Falls till frightened away by the advent of white men | G2 |
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V The Dakotas called Nicollet Island Wi ta Waste the Beautiful | R |
Island | C3 |
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W A part of one of the favorite songs of the French voyageurs | A |
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Like the red dappled deer in the glade | C3 |
alarmed by the footsteps of hunters | A |
Discovered disordered dismayed | C3 |
the nude nymphs fled forth from the waters | A |
And scampered away to the shade | C3 |
and peered from the screen of the lindens | A |
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A bold and adventuresome man was DuLuth | Q3 |
and a dauntless in danger | C |
And straight to Kathaga he ran | G2 |
and boldly advanced to the warriors | A |
Now gathering a cloud on the strand | C3 |
and gazing amazed on the strangers | A |
And straightway he offered his hand | C3 |
unto Wazi kute the Itancan X | A |
To the Lodge of the Stranger were led | C3 |
DuLuth and his hardy companions | A |
Robes of beaver and bison were spread | C3 |
and the Peace pipe was smoked with the Frenchman | G2 |
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X Head chief | R3 |
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There was dancing and feasting at night | C3 |
and joy at the presents he lavished | C3 |
All the maidens were wild with delight | C3 |
with the flaming red robes and the ribbons | A |
With the beads and the trinkets untold | C3 |
and the fair bearded face of the giver | C |
And glad were they all to behold | C3 |
the friends from the Land of the Sunrise | A |
But one stood apart from the rest | C3 |
the queenly and silent Winona | G2 |
Intently regarding the guest | C3 |
hardly heeding the robes and the ribbons | A |
Whom the White Chief beholding admired | C3 |
and straightway he spread on her shoulders | A |
A lily red robe and attired | C3 |
with necklet and ribbons the maiden | G2 |
The red lilies bloomed in her face | A |
and her glad eyes gave thanks to the giver | C |
And forth from her teepee apace | A |
she brought him the robe and the missal | R |
Of the father poor Rene Menard | C3 |
and related the tale of the Black Robe | S3 |
She spoke of the sacred regard | C3 |
he inspired in the hearts of Dakotas | A |
That she buried his bones with her kin | G2 |
in the mound by the Cave of the Council | R |
That she treasured and wrapt in the skin | G2 |
of the red deer his robe and his prayer book | T3 |
Till his brothers should come from the East | C3 |
from the land of the far Hochelaga | T3 |
To smoke with the braves at the feast | C3 |
on the shores of the Loud laughing Waters | A |
For the 'Black Robe' spake much of his youth | Q3 |
and his friends in the Land of the Sunrise | A |
It was then as a dream now in truth | Q3 |
I behold them and not in a vision | G2 |
But more spake her blushes I ween | G2 |
and her eyes full of language unspoken | G2 |
As she turned with the grace of a queen | G2 |
and carried her gifts to the teepee | G |
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Far away from his beautiful France | A |
from his home in the city of Lyons | A |
A noble youth full of romance | A |
with a Norman heart big with adventure | C |
In the new world a wanderer by chance | A |
DuLuth sought the wild Huron forests | A |
But afar by the vale of the Rhone | G2 |
the winding and musical river | C |
And the vine covered hills of the Saone | G2 |
the heart of the wanderer lingered | C3 |
'Mid the vineyards and mulberry trees | A |
and the fair fields of corn and of clover | C |
That rippled and waved in the breeze | A |
while the honey bees hummed in the blossoms | A |
For there where th' impetuous Rhone | G2 |
leaping down from the Switzerland mountains | A |
And the silver lipped soft flowing Saone | G2 |
meeting kiss and commingle together | C |
Down winding by vineyards and leas | A |
by the orchards of fig trees and olives | A |
To the island gemmed sapphire blue seas | A |
of the glorious Greeks and the Romans | A |
Aye there on the vine covered shore | C |
'mid the mulberry trees and the olives | A |
Dwelt his blue eyed and beautiful Flore | C |
with her hair like a wheat field at harvest | C3 |
All rippled and tossed by the breeze | A |
and her cheeks like the glow of the morning | T3 |
Far away o'er the emerald seas | A |
as the sun lifts his brow from the billows | A |
Or the red clover fields when the bees | A |
singing sip the sweet cups of the blossoms | A |
Wherever he wandered | C3 |
alone in the heart of the wild Huron forests | A |
Or cruising the rivers unknown | G2 |
to the land of the Crees or Dakotas | A |
His heart lingered still on the Rhone | G2 |
'mid the mulberry trees and the vineyards | A |
Fast fettered and bound by the zone | G2 |
that girdled the robes of his darling | T3 |
Till the red Harvest Moon he remained | C3 |
in the vale of the swift Mississippi | G |
The esteem of the warriors he gained | C3 |
and the love of the dark eyed Winona | G2 |
He joined in the sports and the chase | A |
with the hunters he followed the bison | G2 |
And swift were his feet in the race | A |
when the red elk they ran on the prairies | A |
At the Game of the Plum stones he played | C3 |
and he won from the skillfulest players | A |
A feast to Wa'tanka he made | C3 |
and he danced at the feast of Heyoka | T3 |
With the flash and the roar of his gun | G2 |
he astonished the fearless Dakotas | A |
They called it the Maza Wakan | G2 |
the mighty mysterious metal | R |
'Tis a brother they said of the fire | C |
in the talons of dreadful Wakinyan ' | - |
When he flaps his huge wings in his ire | C |
and shoots his red shafts at Unktehee | L |
- | |
The Itancan tall Wazi kute | C3 |
appointed a day for the races | A |
From the red stake that stood by his tee | C3 |
on the southerly side of the Ha ha | L |
O'er the crest of the hills and the dunes | A |
and the billowy breadth of the prairie | C3 |
To a stake at the Lake of the Loons | A |
a league and return was the distance | A |
They gathered from near and afar | C |
to the races and dancing and feasting | T3 |
Five hundred tall warriors were there | C |
from Kapoza and far off Keoza | A |
Remnica Y too furnished a share | C |
of the legions that thronged to the races | A |
And a bountiful feast was prepared | C3 |
by the diligent hands of the women | G2 |
And gaily the multitudes fared | C3 |
in the generous tees of Kathaga | T3 |
The chief of the mystical clan | G2 |
appointed a feast to Unktehee | L |
The mystic Wacipee Wakan Z | A |
at the end of the day and the races | A |
A band of sworn brothers are they | C3 |
and the secrets of each one are sacred | C3 |
And death to the lips that betray | C3 |
is the doom of the swarthy avengers | A |
And the son of tall Wazi kute | C3 |
was the chief of the mystical order | C |
- | |
Y Pronounced Ray mne chah The village of the Mountains situate where | C |
Red Wing now stands | A |
- | |
Z Sacred Dance The Medicine dance See description infra | G2 |
Hanford Lennox Gordon
(1)
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