Pharsalia - Book 1 Poem Rhyme Scheme and Analysis

Rhyme Scheme: A BCDEFGHI JKLMNKOPQRSTUVWPJX YZKVTA2B2DC2ZD2FE2IC 2F2G2H2I2C2J2K2L2M2I N2N2C2IO2C2GG2C2P2Q2 G2N2R2C2C2S2N2N2IC2T 2T2U2 T2N2T2F N2V2W2IT2T2N2X2IN2Y2 C2Z2IN2T2T2A3N2C2IIT 2B3T2IN2IIN2N2PT2 T2C2IN2T2N2C3D3T2G2C 2N2PT2T2IT2E3VC2T2T2 N2N2I IC2G2T2T2F3IG2N2N2N2 N2G2S2IT2G2G2N2V2N2T 2G3N2LG2T2C2H3VC2N2N 2T2I3T2N2T2Y2 T2

The Crossing of the RubiconA
-
Wars worse than civil on Emathian plainsB
And crime let loose we sing how Rome's high raceC
Plunged in her vitals her victorious swordD
Armies akin embattled with the forceE
Of all the shaken earth bent on the frayF
And burst asunder to the common guiltG
A kingdom's compact eagle with eagle metH
Standard to standard spear opposed to spearI
-
Whence citizens this rage this boundless lustJ
To sate barbarians with the blood of RomeK
Did not the shade of Crassus wandering stillL
Cry for his vengeance Could ye not have spoiledM
To deck your trophies haughty BabylonN
Why wage campaigns that send no laurels homeK
What lands what oceans might have been the prizeO
Of all the blood thus shed in civil strifeP
Where Titan rises where night hides the starsQ
'Neath southern noons all quivering with heatR
Or where keen frost that never yields to springS
In icy fetters binds the Scythian mainT
Long since barbarians by the Eastern seaU
And far Araxes' stream and those who knowV
If any such there be the birth of NileW
Had felt our yoke Then Rome upon thyselfP
With all the world beneath thee if thou mustJ
Wage this nefarious war but not till thenX
-
Now view the houses with half ruined wallsY
Throughout Italian cities stone from stoneZ
Has slipped and lies at length within the homeK
No guard is found and in the ancient streets soV
Scarce seen the passer by The fields in vainT
Rugged with brambles and unploughed for yearsA2
Ask for the hand of man for man is notB2
Nor savage Pyrrhus nor the Punic hordeD
E'er caused such havoc to no foe was givenC2
To strike thus deep but civil strife aloneZ
Dealt the fell wound and left the death behindD2
Yet if the fates could find no other wayF
For Nero coming nor the gods with easeE2
Gain thrones in heaven and if the ThundererI
Prevailed not till the giant's war was doneC2
Complaint is silent For this boon supremeF2
Welcome ye gods be wickedness and crimeG2
Thronged with our dead be dire Pharsalia's fieldsH2
Be Punic ghosts avenged by Roman bloodI2
Add to these ills the toils of MutinaC2
Perusia's dearth on Munda's final fieldJ2
The shock of battle joined let Leucas' CapeK2
Shatter the routed navies servile handsL2
Unsheath the sword on fiery Etna's slopesM2
Still Rome is gainer by the civil warI
Thou Caesar art her prize When thou shalt chooseN2
Thy watch relieved to seek divine abodesN2
All heaven rejoicing and shalt hold a throneC2
Or else elect to govern Phoebus' carI
And light a subject world that shall not dreadO2
To owe her brightness to a different SunC2
All shall concede thy right do what thou wiltG
Select thy Godhead and the central climeG2
Whence thou shalt rule the world with power divineC2
And yet the Northern or the Southern PoleP2
We pray thee choose not but in rays directQ2
Vouchsafe thy radiance to thy city RomeG2
Press thou on either side the universeN2
Should lose its equipoise take thou the midstR2
And weight the scales and let that part of heavenC2
Where Caesar sits be evermore sereneC2
And smile upon us with unclouded blueS2
Then may all men lay down their arms and peaceN2
Through all the nations reign and shut the gatesN2
That close the temple of the God of WarI
Be thou my help to me e'en now divineC2
Let Delphi's steep her own Apollo guardT2
And Nysa keep her Bacchus uninvokedT2
Rome is my subject and my muse art thouU2
-
First of such deeds I purpose to unfoldT2
The causes task immense what drove to armsN2
A maddened nation and from all the worldT2
Struck peace awayF
-
By envious fate's decreesN2
Abide not long the mightiest lords of earthV2
Beneath too heavy a burden great the fallW2
Thus Rome o'ergrew her strength So when that hourI
The last in all the centuries shall soundT2
The world's disruption all things shall revertT2
To that primaeval chaos stars on starsN2
Shall crash and fiery meteors from the skyX2
Plunge in the ocean Earth shall then no moreI
Front with her bulwark the encroaching seaN2
The moon indignant at her path obliqueY2
Shall drive her chariot 'gainst her brother SunC2
And claim the day for hers and discord hugeZ2
Shall rend the spheres asunderI
On themselvesN2
Great powers are dashed such bounds the gods have placedT2
Upon the prosperous nor doth Fortune lendT2
To any nations so that they may strikeA3
The sovereign power that rules the earth and seaN2
The weapons of her envy Triple reignC2
And baleful compact for divided powerI
Ne'er without peril separate beforeI
Made Rome their victim Oh Ambition blindT2
That stirred the leaders so to join their strengthB3
In peace that ended ill their prize the worldT2
For while the Sea on Earth and Earth on AirI
Lean for support while Titan runs his courseN2
And night with day divides an equal sphereI
No king shall brook his fellow nor shall powerI
Endure a rival Search no foreign landsN2
These walls are proof that in their infant daysN2
A hamlet not the world was prize enoughP
To cause the shedding of a brother's bloodT2
-
Concord on discord based brief time enduredT2
Unwelcome to the rivals and aloneC2
Crassus delayed the advent of the warI
Like to the slender neck that separatesN2
The seas of Graecia should it be engulfedT2
Then would th' Ionian and Aegean mainsN2
Break each on other thus when Crassus fellC3
Who held apart the chiefs in piteous deathD3
And stained Assyria's plains with Latian bloodT2
Defeat in Parthia loosed the war in RomeG2
More in that victory than ye thought was wonC2
Ye sons of Arsaces your conquered foesN2
Took at your hands the rage of civil strifeP
The mighty realm that earth and sea containedT2
To which all peoples bowed split by the swordT2
Could not find space for two For Julia boreI
Cut off by fate unpitying the bondT2
Of that ill omened marriage and the pledgeE3
Of blood united to the shades belowV
Had'st thou but longer stayed it had been thineC2
To keep the husband and the sire apartT2
And as the Sabine women did of oldT2
Dash down the threatening swords and join the handsN2
With thee all trust was buried and the chiefsN2
Could give their courage vent and rushed to warI
-
Lest newer glories triumphs past obscureI
Late conquered Gaul the bays from pirates wonC2
This Magnus was thy fear thy roll of fameG2
Of glorious deeds accomplished for the stateT2
Allows no equal nor will Caesar's prideT2
A prior rival in his triumphs brookF3
Which had the right 'twere impious to enquireI
Each for his cause can vouch a judge supremeG2
The victor heaven the vanquished Cato theeN2
Nor were they like to like the one in yearsN2
Now verging towards decay in times of peaceN2
Had unlearned war but thirsting for applauseN2
Had given the people much and proud of fameG2
His former glory cared not to renewS2
But joyed in plaudits of the theatreI
His gift to Rome his triumphs in the pastT2
Himself the shadow of a mighty nameG2
As when some oak in fruitful field sublimeG2
Adorned with venerable spoils and giftsN2
Of bygone leaders by its weight to earthV2
With feeble roots still clings its naked armsN2
And hollow trunk though leafless give a shadeT2
And though condemned beneath the tempest's shockG3
To speedy fall amid the sturdier treesN2
In sacred grandeur rules the forest stillL
No such repute had Ceesar won nor fameG2
But energy was his that could not restT2
The only shame he knew was not to winC2
Keen and unvanquished where revenge or hopeH3
Might call resistless would he strike the blowV
With sword unpitying every victory wonC2
Reaped to the full the favour of the godsN2
Pressed to the utmost all that stayed his courseN2
Aimed at the summit of power was thrust asideT2
Triumph his joy though ruin marked his trackI3
As parts the clouds a bolt by winds compelledT2
With crack of riven air and crash of worldsN2
And veils the light of day and on mankindT2
Blasting their vision with its flames obliqueY2
Sheds deadly fright then turning to its home '-
Nought but the air opposing through its patT2

Marcus Annaeus Lucanus



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