Shakuntala Act 1 Poem Rhyme Scheme and Analysis
Rhyme Scheme: ABC D E F G B G H A F D I J A K K G L A M N O G P Q R S G T A U N G A V N W V X| King Dushyant in a chariot pursuing an antelope with a bow and quiver attended by his Charioteer | A |
| Suta Charioteer Looking at the antelope and then at the king | B |
| When I cast my eye on that black antelope and on thee O king with thy braced bow I see before me as it were the God Mah sa chasing a hart male deer with his bow named Pin ca braced in his left hand | C |
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| King Dushyant The fleet animal has given us a long chase Oh there he runs with his neck bent gracefully looking back from time to time at the car chariot which follows him Now through fear of a descending shaft he contracts his forehand and extends his flexible haunches and now through fatigue he pauses to nibble the grass in his path with his mouth half opened See how he springs and bounds with long steps lightly skimming the ground and rising high in the air And now so rapid is his flight that he is scarce discernible | D |
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| Suta The ground was uneven and the horses were checked in their course He has taken advantage of our delay It is level now and we may easily overtake him | E |
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| King Dushyant Loosen the reins | F |
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| Suta As the king commands He drives the car first at full speed and then gently He could not escape The horses were not even touched by the clouds of dust which they raised they tossed their manes erected their ears and rather glided than galloped over the smooth plain | G |
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| King Dushyant They soon outran the swift antelope Objects which from their distance appeared minute presently became larger what was really divided seemed united as we passed and what was in truth bent seemed straight So swift was the motion of the wheels that nothing for many moments was either distant or near He fixes an arrow in his bowstring | B |
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| Behind the scenes He must not be slain This antelope O king has an asylum in our forest he must not be slain | G |
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| Suta Listening and Looking Just as the animal presents a fair mark for our arrow two hermits are advancing to interrupt your aim | H |
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| King Dushyant Then stop the car | A |
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| Suta The king is obeyed He draws in the reins | F |
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| Enter a Hermit and his Pupil | D |
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| Hermit Raising his hands Slay not O mighty sovereign slay not a poor fawn who has found a place of refuge No surely no he must not be hurt An arrow in the delicate body of a deer would be like fire in bale of cotton Compared with thy keen shafts how weak must be the tender hide of a young antelope Replace quickly oh replace the arrow which thou hast aimed The weapons of you kings and warriors are destined for the relief of the oppressed not for the destruction of the guiltless | I |
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| King Dushyant Saluting them It is replaced | J |
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| He places the arrow in his quiver | A |
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| Hermit With joy Worthy is that act of thee most illustrious of monarchs worthy indeed of a prince descended from Puru Mayst thou have a son adorned with virtues a sovereign of the world | K |
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| Pupil Elevating both his hands Oh by all means may thy son be adorned with every virtue a sovereign of the world | K |
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| King Dushyant Bowing to them My head bears with reverence the order of a Br hmin | G |
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| Hermit Great king we came hither to collect wood for a solemn sacrifice and this forest and the banks of the Malini affords an asylum to the wild animals protected by Shakuntala Shakuntala whom our holy preceptor Kanva has received as a sacred deposit If you have no other avocation enter yon grove and let the rights of hospitality be duly performed Having seen with your own eyes the virtuous behaviour of those whose only wealth is their piety but whose worldly cares are now at an end you will then exclaim 'How many good subjects are defended by this arm which the bowstring has made callous ' | - |
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| King Dushyant Is the master of your family at home | L |
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| Hermit Our preceptor is gone to S matirt'ha in hopes of deprecating some calamity with which destiny threatens the irreproachable Shakuntala and he has charged her in his absence to receive all guests with due honour | A |
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| King Dushyant Holy man I will attend her and she having observed my devotion will report it favourably to the venerable sage | M |
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| Both Be it so and we depart on our own business The Hermit and his Pupil go out | N |
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| King Dushyant Drive on Suta By visiting the abode of holiness we shall purify our souls | O |
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| Suta As the king may his life be long commands He drives on | G |
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| King Dushyant Looking on all sides That we are near the dwelling place of pious hermits would clearly have appeared even if it had not been told | P |
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| Suta By what marks | Q |
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| King Dushyant Do you not observe them See under yon trees the hallowed grains which have been scattered on the ground while the tender female parrots were feeding their unfledged young in their pendent nest Mark in other places the shining pieces of polished stone which have bruised the oil fruit of the sacred Ingud Look at the young fawns which having acquired confidence in man and accustomed themselves to the sound of his voice frisk at pleasure without varying their course Even the surface of the river is reddened with lines of consecrated bark which float down its stream | R |
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| Look again the roots of yon trees are bathed in the waters of holy pools which quiver as the breeze plays upon them and the glowing lustre of yon fresh leaves is obscured for a time by smoke that rises from oblations of clarified butter See too where the young roes deers graze without apprehension from our approach on the lawn before yonder garden where the tops of the sacrificial grass cut for some religious rite are sprinkled around | S |
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| Suta I now observe holy habitation | G |
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| Dushm Turning aside This awful awe inspiring sanctuary my friend must not be violated Here therefore stop the car that I may descend | T |
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| Char I hold in the reins The king may descend at his pleasure | A |
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| King Dushyant Having descended and looking at his own dress Groves devoted to religion must be entered in humbler habiliments garments Take these regal ornaments the Charioteer receives them and whilst I am observing those who inhabit this retreat let the horses be watered and dressed | U |
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| Suta Be it as you direct He goes out | N |
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| King Dushyant Walking around and looking Now then I enter the sanctuary He enters the grove Oh this place must be holy my right arm throbs Pausing and considering What new acquisition does this omen promise in a sequestered grove But the gates of predestined events are in all places open | G |
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| Behind the Scenes Come hither my beloved companions Oh come hither | A |
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| King Dushyant Listening Hah I hear female voices to the right of yon arbour tree I am resolved to know who are conversing He walks round and looks There are some damsels I see belonging to the hermit's family who carry water pots of different sizes proportioned to their strength and are going to water the delicate plants Oh how charmingly they look If the beauty of maids who dwell in woodland retreats cannot easily be found in the recesses of a palace the garden flowers must make room for the blossoms of the forest which excel them in colour and fragrance He stands gazing at them | V |
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| Enter Shakuntala Anusuya and Priyamvada | N |
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| Anusuya O my Shakuntala it is in thy society that the trees of our father Canna seem to me delightful it well becomes thee who art soft as the fresh blown Mallic to fill with water the canals which have been dug round these tender shrubs | W |
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| Shakuntala It is not only in obedience to our father that I thus employ myself though that were a sufficient motive but I really feel the affection of a sister for these young plants Watering them | V |
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| Priyamvada My beloved friend the shrubs which you have watered flower in the summer which is now begun let us give water to those which have | X |
Kalidasa
(1)
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